본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

글로벌 기업가정신과 공급사슬 내 사회적 자본이 수출성과에 미치는 영향

The Effects of Global Entrepreneurship and Social Capital Within Supply Chain on the Export Performance

4

조회

0

다운로드

34

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

초록

기업 간 경쟁이 기업군(群) 간 경쟁으로 전환되고 있는 경영환경 하에서 글로벌 공급사슬관리는 대기업에 비해 해외시장개척 능력과 자원이 상대적으로 부족한 중소기업에게 중요한 관리활동으로 인식되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 중소기업과 글로벌 공급사슬파트너 간의 관계적 특성을 사회적 자본의 관점에서 파악하고 글로벌 기업가정신과 함께 수출성과에 미치는 구조적 영향관계를 검증하기 위해 수행되었다. 선행연구에 대한 이론적 배경을 토대로 사회적 자본과 글로벌 기업가정신을 조작적 정의, 측정문항을 개발하여 (사)글로벌 최고경영자클럽과 (사)한국중견기업연합회에 등록한 회원사 중 우수 해외진출 중소기업을 모집단으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 그리고 수거된 총 192부의 개별응답을 표본집단으로 설정하여 통계분석에 적용하였다. 다중회귀분석 결과, 사회적 자본의 하위변수인 네트워크, 신뢰, 호혜적 규범과 글로벌 기업가정신의 하위변수인 혁신성, 진취성, 위험감수성은 주관적·재무적 수출성과에 모두 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 중소기업의 글로벌 기업가정신은 공급사슬파트너와의 사회적 자본 형성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 다시 사회적 자본은 글로벌 기업가정신과 수출성과의 영향관계에서 부분적으로 매개효과가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과는 글로벌 시장 확대와 고객욕구 다양화에 따라 해외시장의 불확실성이 높아지는 상황에서 수출성과를 창출하기 위해선 장기적 관점에서 공급사슬파트너와의 사회적 자본 요소의 개발을 위한 노력과 투자가 필요함을 의미한다. 또한 해외시장에서 자원의 생산적 이동과 사업적 기회의 발견을 위해 요구되는 글로벌 기업가정신의 함양이 공급사슬 내 사회적 자본의 형성에 도움을 주며 공동의 목표를 달성하는데 중요한 요인임을 시사한다.

Abstract

Under the international business circumstance, global supply chain management is considered a vital strategic challenge to small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) suffering from deficient resources and capabilities to exploit overseas markets comparing with large corporations. That is because they can expand their business domains into overseas markets by establishing strategic alliances with global supply chain partners. Although a wide range of previous researches have emphasized the cooperative networks in the chain, most are ignoring the importance of developing relational characteristics such as trust and reciprocity with the partners. Besides, verifying the relational factors influencing firms’ export performances, some studies proposed different and inconsistent factors. According to the social capital theory, which is the social quality and networks facilitating close cooperation of inter-individual and inter-organization, provides the integrated view to identify the relational characteristics in the aspects of network, trust and reciprocal norm. Meanwhile, a number of researchers shows that global entrepreneurship is the internal and intangible resource necessary to promote SMEs’ internationalization. Upon closer examination, however, they cannot explain clearly its influencing mechanism in the inter-firm cooperative relationships. This study is to verify the effect of social capital accumulated within global supply chain on SMEs’ qualitative and quantitative export performance. In addition, we shed new light on global entrepreneurship expected to be concerned with the formation of social capital and the enhancement of export performances. For this purpose, the questionnaires, developed through literature review, were collected from 192 Korean SMEs affiliated in Korean Medium Industries Association and Global Chief Executive Officer’s Club focusing on their memberships’ international business. As a result of multi-regression analysis, the social capital – network, trust and reciprocal norm shared with global supply chain partner – as well as global entrepreneurship – innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking – have positive effect on SMEs’ export performances. Also global entrepreneurship affects positively social capital which has mediating effect partially in the relationship between global entrepreneurship and performances. These results means that there is a structural process - global entrepreneurship(input), social capital(output), and export performances(outcome). In other words, a firm should consistently invest in and develop the social capital with global supply chain partners in order to achieve common goals, establish strategic collaborations and obtain long-term export performances. Furthermore, it is required to foster the global entrepreneurship in an organization so as to build up the social capital. More detailed practical issues and discussion are made in the conclusion.

참고문헌 (68)

  1. 구자열, "전자상거래시 국제물류에서의 신뢰와 파트너십에 관한 구조모형분석", 마케팅관리연구, 7(1), pp.2~43 (2002), 한국마케팅관리학회
  2. 김창봉, "GSCM 기업의 물류전략과 사업성과에 관한 연구", 물류학회지, 15(2), pp.109~126 (2005), 한국물류학회
  3. 김창봉, "한국 기업의 GSCM이 사업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증연구 -전기·전자 산업을 중심으로-", 국제지역연구, 13(2), pp.335~354 (2009), 국제지역학회
  4. 김창봉, "SCM의 위험관리, 파트너십, 사업성과의 관계 연구", 통상정보연구, 13(3), pp.203~227 (2011), 한국통상정보학회
  5. 윤기창, "한국 벤처기업의 경영성과에 미치는 영향요인에 관한 연구 - 국제적 기업가정신과 기업역량을 중심으로 -", 국제지역연구, 13(2), pp.405~432 (2009), 국제지역학회
  6. 이상만, "공급망 관리(SCM) 파트너십이 기업의 경영성과에 미치는 영향", 한국생산관리학회지, 18(3), pp.105~133 (2007), 한국생산관리학회
  7. 이신규, "공급사슬관리(SCM)를 활용한 기업의 물류 혁신", 창업정보학회지, 9(1), pp.231~251 (2006)
  8. 이양현, "중소기업의 성장단계 판별모형에 관한 연구", 중소기업연구, 29(2), pp.23~40 (2007), 한국중소기업학회
  9. 이영찬, "사회적 자본이 노사관계 및 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증연구", 지식경영연구, 10(4), pp.133~150 (2009), 한국지식경영학회
  10. 이춘우, "자원기반관점의 연구지평 확장 방향 탐색 : 중소기업 자원경영의 전략적 과제를 중심으로", 중소기업연구, 31(1), pp.51~71 (2009), 한국중소기업학회
  11. 이태희, "기업 규모에 따른 공급사슬지향성과 공급사슬관리가 수출성과에 미치는 영향", 국제경영리뷰, 16(1), pp.243~273 (2012), 한국국제경영관리학회
  12. 조연성, "기업가정신과 보유역량의 국제신벤처기업 수출성과에 관한 연구", 국제경영리뷰, 14(4), pp.119~143 (2010), 한국국제경영관리학회
  13. Adler, P. S, "Social Capital: Prospects for a New Concept", Academy of Management Review, 27(1), pp.17~40 (2002)
  14. Aldrich, H. E, "Entrepreneurship through Social Network, In The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship" (1986), Ballinger
  15. Balabanis, G. I., "Being An Entrepreneurial Exporter: Does It Pay?", International Business Review, 12, pp.233~252 (2003)
  16. Baron, R. M., "The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), pp.1173~1182 (1986)
  17. Barringer, B. R, "The Relationship between Corporate Entrepreneurship and Strategic Management", Strategic Management Journal, 20(5), pp.421~444 (1999)
  18. Bourdieu, P., "The Forms of Capital, In Handbook of Theory and Research for The Sociology of Education" (1986), Greenwood
  19. Burt, R. S., "The Network Structure of Social Capital", Research in Organizational Behavior, 22, pp.345~423 (2000)
  20. Chen, C., "The Relationship among Social Capital, Entrepreneurial Orientation, Organizational Resources and Entrepreneurial Performance for New Ventures", Contemporary Management Research, 3(3), pp.213~232 (2007)
  21. Chetty, S, "Social Capital and Its influence on Changes in Internationalization Mode Among Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises", Journal of International Marketing, 15(1), pp.1~29 (2007)
  22. Coleman, J. S., "Foundations of Social Theory" (1990), Harvard University Press
  23. Lumpkin, G. T., "Entrepreneurial Strategy Making and Firm Performance: Tests of Contingency and Configurational Models", Strategic Management Journal, 18(9), pp.677~695 (1997)
  24. Dimitratos, P., "The Global Smaller Firm in International Entrepreneurship", International Business Review, 19, pp.589~606 (2010)
  25. Dimitratos, P., "The Relationship betwenn Entrepreneurship and International Performance: The Importance of Domestic Environment", International Business Review, 13, pp.19~41 (2004)
  26. Eisenhardt, K. M., "Resource-based View of Strategic Alliance Formation: Strategic and Social Effects in Entrepreneurial Firms", Organizational Science, 7(2), pp.136~150 (1996)
  27. Evangelista, F. U., "Export Performance and Its Determinants: Some Empirical Evidence from Australian Manufacturing Firms, In Advances in International Marketing" (1994), JAI Press
  28. Florin, J., "A Social Capital Model of High-growth Ventures", Academy of Management Journal, 46, pp.374~384 (2003)
  29. Fountain, J., "Social Capital: A Key Enabler of Innovation, In Investing in Innovation" (1998), MIT Press
  30. Fukuyama, F., "Trust: Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity" (1995), Free Press
  31. Fynes, B., "Environmental Uncertainty, Supply Chain Relationship Quality and Performance", Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 10(5), pp.179~190 (2004)
  32. Gardner, J. T., "Understanding Shipper-Carrier and Shipper Warehouse Relationships: Partnerships Revisited", Journal of Business Logistics, 15(2), pp.121~143 (1994)
  33. Knight, G. A., "Entrepreneurship & Marketing Strategy: the SME under Globalization", Journal of International Marketing, 8(2), pp.12~32 (2000)
  34. Knight, G. A, "Innovation, Organizational Capabilities, and the Born-global Firm", Journal of International Business Studies, 35, pp.124~141 (2004)
  35. Koka, B. R., "Strategic Alliances as Social Capital: A Multidimensional View", Strategic Management Journal, 23(9), pp.795~816 (2002)
  36. Krause, D. R., "The Relationships Between Supplier Development, Commitment, Social Capital Accumulation and Performance Improvement", Journal of Operational Management, 25(2), pp.528~545 (2007)
  37. 서태원, "Trust, commitment and relationships in supply chain management: A path analysis", Supply Chain Management, 10(1), pp.26~33 (2005), Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.
  38. Lambert, D. M., "Developing and Implementing Supply Chain Partnership", International Journal of Logistics Management, 7(2), pp.1~17 (1999)
  39. Amara, N, "Does Social Capital Determine Innovation? To What Extent?", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 69, pp.681~701 (2002)
  40. Lee, C., "Internal Capabilities, External Networks, and Performance: A Study on Technology-based Ventures", Strategic Management Journal, 22, pp.615~640 (2001)
  41. Lian, F., "Does Social Capital Affect Entrepreneurial Intentions?", International Advances in Economic Research, 13, pp.443~453 (2007)
  42. Lin, N, "Building a Network Theory of Social Capital, In Social Capital Theory and Research" (2001), Aldine De Gruyter
  43. Lumpkin, G. T., "Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking it to Performance", Academy of Management Review, 21(1), pp.135~172 (1996)
  44. Maloni, M., "Supply Chain Partnership: Opportunities for Operations Research", European Journal of Operational Research, pp.419~429 (1997)
  45. Matsuno, K., "The Effects of Entrepreneurial Proclivity and Market Orientation on Business Performance", Journal of Marketing, 66(3), pp.18~32 (2002)
  46. Meixell, M. J., "Global Supply Chain Design: A Literature Review and Critique", Logistics and Transportation Review, 41(6), pp.531~550 (2005)
  47. Mentzer, J. T., "Handbook of Global Supply Chain Management" (2006), Sege Pulications
  48. Min, S., "Developing Social Identity and Social Capital for Supply Chain Management", Journal of Business Logistics, 29(1), pp.283~304 (2008)
  49. Mitchell, W., "Survival of Businesses Using Collaborative Relationships to Commercialize Complex Goods", Strategic Management Journal, 17, pp.169~195 (1996)
  50. Nahapiet, J, "Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and The Organizational Advantage", Academy of Management Review, 23(2), pp.242~266 (1998)
  51. Nunnally, J. C., "Psychonometric Theory" (1994), McGraw-Hill
  52. Oviatt, B. M., "The Internationalization of Entrepreneurship", Journal of International Business Studies, 36, pp.2~8 (2005)
  53. Oviatt, B. M., "Defining International Entrepreneurship and Modeling the Speed of Internationalization", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(5), pp.537~554 (2005)
  54. Putnam, R. D., "Making Democracy Work" (1993), Princeton University Press
  55. Raven, P. V., "Environmental Influences and Decision Making Uncertainty in Export Channel: Effects of Satisfactions and Performance", Journal of International Marketing, 2(3), pp.37~59 (1994)
  56. Slater, S. F., "Market Orientation and the Learning Organization", Journal of Marketing, 59(3), pp.63~74 (1995)
  57. Stam, W., "Entrepreneurial Orientation and New Venture Performance: The Moderating role of Intra- and Extra-industry Social Capital", Academy of Management Journal, 51(1), pp.97~111 (2008)
  58. Teece, D. J., "Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management", Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), pp.509~533 (1996)
  59. Tsai, W., "Social Capital and Value Creation: The Role of Intrafirm Networks", Academy of Management Journal, 41, pp.464~476 (1998)
  60. Vickery, S. K., "The Effects of an Integrative Supply Chain Strategy on Customer Service and Financial Performance: An Analysis of Direct Versus Indirect Relationship", Journal of Operations Management, 21(5), pp.523~539 (2003)
  61. Kogut, B, "Social Capital, Structural Holes and the Formation of an Industry Network", Organizational Science, 8(2), pp.109~125 (1997)
  62. Westheard, P., "The Internationalization of New and Small Firms: A Resource- based View", Journal of Business Venturing, 16, pp.333~358 (2001)
  63. Westlund, H., "Local Social Capital and Entrepreneurship", Small Business Economics, 21(2), pp.77~103 (2003)
  64. Wiklund, J., "Entrepreneurial Orientation and Small Business Performance", Journal of Business Venturing, 20, pp.71~91 (2005)
  65. Wright, M., "Strategy Research in Emerging Economies : Challenging the conventional Wisdom", Journal of Management Studies, 42(1), pp.1~33 (2005)
  66. Yuan, L., "Moderating Effects of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Market Orientation-Performance Linkage: Evidence from Chinese Small Firm", Journal of Small Business Management, 46(1), pp.113~133 (2008)
  67. Zahra, S. A, "International Corporate Entrepreneurship: The Moderating Effect of International Environmental Hostility", Journal of Business Venturing, 15, pp.469~492 (2000)
  68. Zahra, S. A., "International Entrepreneurship: The Current Status of the Field and Future Research Agenda, In Strategic Entrepreneurship: Creating and Integrated Mindset" (2002), Blackwell

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (18건)