송명 심성일체(心性一體) 노선에서 사단과 칠정의 관계

Abstract

When the Li School of Philosophy, which was established during the Song Dynasty, is examined from modern perspective, it is known that a total of three philosophical lines were formed around the Four Beginnings of Moral Sentiments and the Seven Feelings. Of them, two lines were confirmed and accepted by the Chosun Dynasty in the 16th century through the “Four-Seven Debate”. The two lines were the theory of Mutual Issuance of Principle and Material Force of Toegye’s Neo-Confucianism, and the theory of the Single Path of the Issuance of Material Force of Yulgok’s Neo-Confucianism. Besides them, there was another line. In this philosophy, the Original Mind of the Four Beginnings of Moral Sentiments was given top priority and thus the Seven Feelings were set as the specific concept of the Four Beginnings of Moral Sentiments. Several Li-Philosophy schools belonged to this line, all sharing the common denominator of regarding the Nature and the Mind as the same system. In this paper, we looked into some representative examples including the Hu-xiang School Confucianism, Lu Hsiang-Shan’s Confucianism, and Wang Yang-Ming’s Confucianism, in an attempt to confirm that in this philosophical line, the harmonization of the Seven Feelings depends on the awareness of the Original Mind of the Four Beginnings of Moral Sentiments. After Chu Hsi’s Neo-Confucianism was established in the Li-philosophy community during the South-Song Dynasty, the Li-Philosophical school was split into two lines: the Nature-Mind Unity line, which sees Nature and the Mind as one, and the line of the Three Divisions of the Mind, the Nature, and the Feelings, which regards each of them as independent. The former considered the Four Beginnings of Moral Sentiments as the good mind that is naturally endowed, while the latter believed that they belonged to the sphere of feelings. Therefore, the two lines had a fundamental difference in the concept of the perception of feelings.