본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

창업경험과 창업의도의 관계에 대한 연구:사회인지적 요인의 매개효과 및 성별의 조절효과

The Influence of Entrepreneurial Experience on Entrepreneurial Intention: Mediation Effect of Social Cognitive Attributes

0

조회

0

다운로드

8

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

초록

창업의도(Entrepreneurial intention)를 형성하는 데 영향을 주는 요인이 무엇인지 밝혀내는 것은 창업가를 양성하고 국가 내 기업가적 혁신이 활발히 일어나도록 유도하는 데 있어서 참고할 수 있는 중요한 일이다. 그동안의 연구들이 사회인지 속성을 예측인자로 활용해 창업의도 혹은 기업가적 활동에 직접적으로 미치는 영향을 주로 제시해왔지만, 이러한 사회인지 속성들이 무엇에서 비롯되는지 근본적 요인에 대해서는 기업가정신 분야에서 충분히 다뤄지지 않았다. 본 연구는 사회인지이론과 스키마이론을 기반으로 개인의 창업경험(Entrepreneurial experience)이 사회인지 속성을 형성하는 중요한 선행요인임을 가정하며, 경험이 창업의도를 어떻게 형성하는지에 대한 메커니즘을 밝힌다. 이를 위하여 기업가의 창업경험이 사회인지이론에서 창업의도를 형성하는 주요 변수로 꼽히는 기업가적 자기효능감(Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy), 기회인식(Opportunity recognition), 실패두려움(Fear of failure) 등에 미치는 영향을 분석하며, 이러한 요인이 어떻게 창업의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는지 분석한다. 이와 함께 창업 경험과 창업의도 사이에 이어지는 경로를 파악하기 위하여 이러한 사회인지속성이 어떤 매개 역할을 하는지를 분석한다. 또한 성별에 따라 생물학적 차이 뿐만 아니라 사회적 상호 작용의 결과로 나타나는 사회적 차이, 그리고 인지적 차이가 만들어지는 점을 고려, 성별에 따라 개인의 창업경험이 사회인지 속성 및 창업의도에 미치는 영향이 어떻게 조절되는지를 분석한다. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor(GEM)의 87개국의 25,047명 기업가 데이터에 기반한 계량 분석을 한 결과, 창업경험은 기업가적 자기효능감과 기회인식을 높이고, 실패두려움은 줄이는 것으로 나타났으며 이러한 사회인지속성은 창업경험과 창업의도의 관계를 유의하게 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 성별에 따른 조절효과도 유의해, 남성과 여성은 창업경험으로부터 창업의도가 형성되는 양상이 다르게 나타났다. 기업가정신 분야의 선행연구에서 과거 경험의 역할은 중요하지만 충준히 다뤄지지 않았다. 이 연구는 구조방정식을 이용하여 창업경험의 매개효과 및 성별의 조절효과를 통해 창업의도 형성의 메커니즘을 구체적으로 밝혀냈다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다.

Abstract

Identifying the factors that influence the formation of the entrepreneurial intention is important in cultivating entrepreneurs and inducing entrepreneurial innovation in the country. Previous studies have mainly examined the direct effects of social cognition attributes as predictors on entrepreneurial intentions or entrepreneurial activities. However, the fundamental factors that these social cognition attributes are derived from have not been sufficiently addressed in the field of entrepreneurship. Based on social cognitive theory and schema theory, this study assumes that an individual's entrepreneurial experience is an important antecedent factor in forming social cognitive attributes, and reveals the mechanism for how experience forms entrepreneurial intention. To this end, this study analyzes the influence of entrepreneurs' prior experience of entrepreneurial activities on entrepreneurial self-efficacy, opportunity recognition, and fear of failure which are considered to be the main variables that shape entrepreneurial intention. And it analyzes how these factors have a significant effect on entrepreneurship intention. Along with this, the mediating role of these social cognitive attributes is analyzed in order to understand the path that leads from entrepreneurial experience to entrepreneurial intention. This study also suggests how gender moderates the effect of entrepreneurship experience on social cognitive attributes. As a result of the analysis, it was found that entrepreneurial experience increase entrepreneurial self-efficacy and opportunity recognition of entrepreneurs, and decrease the fear of failure. These social perception attribute significantly mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial intention. This study also found that there are significant moderating effects of gender on the relationship of entrepreneurial experience and both of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and fear of failure. This study also analyzed the impact of the entrepreneurial experience of failure, which corresponds to the detailed experience. Similar to the results of entrepreneurial experience analysis, entrepreneurial experience of failure plays a role in enhancing entrepreneurial self-efficacy. However, its effect on opportunity recognition and fear of failure were not significant. An empirical analysis of data related to 25,047 entrepreneurs from 87 countries, using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), shows the differences in the formation of individuals' entrepreneurial intentions according to entrepreneurial experience and the mediating role of social cognitive attributes. The study has embodied the social cognitive theory on entrepreneurial intention by shedding light on the variables that are important but alienated for increasing entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, the study enhances the understanding of cognitive processes leading from individual experiences to entrepreneurial intentions. This study also emphasizes the importance of differentiated approach by gender for boosting entrepreneurial intention through analysis of moderating effect of gender.

참고문헌 (160)

  1. 장현철, "창업기회인식이 창업의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 탐색적 연구: 긍정심리자본의 매개효과를 중심으로", 벤처창업연구, 16(6), pp.43~55 (2021), 한국벤처창업학회[DOI]
  2. Aidis, R., "Size matters : entrepreneurial entry and government", Small Business Economics, 39(1), pp.119~139 (2012)
  3. Ajzen, I., "The theory of planned behavior", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), pp.179~211 (1991)
  4. Ajzen, I., "Nature and operation of attitudes", Annual review of psychology, 52(1), pp.27~58 (2001)
  5. Ajzen, I., "From Intentions to Behavior : Implementation Intention, Commitment, and Conscientiousness", Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 39(6), pp.1356~1372 (2009)
  6. Aldrich, H., "Organizations Evolving" (1999), Sage
  7. Allgood-Meten, B., "Sex role identity and self-esteem : a comparison of children and adolescents", Sex Roles, 25(3), pp.129~139 (1991)
  8. Alvarez, S. A., "Epistemology, opportunities, and entrepreneurship : Comments on Venkataraman et al. (2012)and Shane(2012)", Academy of Management Review, 38(1), pp.154~157 (2013)
  9. Arab, Z., "Entrepreneurship indicators with an emphasis on Global Entrepreneurship Monitor", IJRRAS, 16(2), pp.288~296 (2013)
  10. Arafat, M. Y., "Examining start-up Intention of Indians through cognitive approach : a study using GEM data", Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 7(1), pp.1~11 (2017)
  11. Arenius, P., "A network-based approach on opportunity recognition", Small business economics, 24(3), pp.249~265 (2005)
  12. Arenius, P., "Perceptual variables and nascent entrepreneurship", Small business economics, 24(3), pp.233~247 (2005)
  13. Armitage, C. J., "Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour : A meta-analytic review", British journal of social psychology, 40(4), pp.471~499 (2001)
  14. 배병윤, "대학생의 기업가정신이 창업의도에 미치는 영향: 성별 및 전공의 조절효과를 중심으로", 벤처창업연구, 13(6), pp.63~74 (2018), 한국벤처창업학회[DOI]
  15. Bandura, A., "The Explanatory and Predictive Scope of Self-Efficacy Theory", Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4(3), pp.359~373 (1986)
  16. Bandura, A, "Self-efficacy: The exercise of control" (1997), Freeman
  17. Bandura, A., "Self-efficacy: The foundation of agency", Control of human behavior, mental processes, and consciousness: Essays in honor of the 60th birthday of August Flammer, ~ (2000)
  18. Bandura, A., "On the functional properties of perceived self-efficacy revisited", Journal of management, 38(1), pp.9~44 (2012)
  19. Bargh, J. A, "Unintended Thought" (1989), Guilford
  20. BarNir, A., "Mediation and moderated mediation in the relationship among role models, self-efficacy, entrepreneurial career intention, and gender", Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(2), pp.270~297 (2011)
  21. Baron, R. A., "Opportunity Recognition as Pattern Recognition : How Entrepreneurs"Connect the Dots"to Identify New Business Opportunities", The Academy of Management Perspectives, 20(1), pp.104~119 (2006)
  22. Baron, R. A., "Opportunity recognition as the detection of meaningful patterns : Evidence from comparisons of novice and experienced entrepreneurs", Management science, 52(9), pp.1331~1344 (2006)
  23. Baron, R. A., "Entrepreneurship: A Process Perspective" (2007), Cengage Learning
  24. Bartlett, F. C, "Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology" (1932), Cambridge University Press
  25. Betz, N. E., "Career self-efficacy theory : back to the future", Journal of Career Assessment, 14(1), pp.3~11 (2006)
  26. Bhave, M. P., "A process model of entrepreneurial creation", Journal of Business Venturing, 9(3), pp.223~242 (1994)
  27. Bird, B. J., "Implementing entrepreneurial ideas : The case for intention", Academy of Management Review, 13(3), pp.442~453 (1988)
  28. Bollen, K. A., "Tests for structural equation models : introduction", Sociological Methods &Research, 21(2), pp.123~131 (1992)
  29. Boudreaux, C. J., "Corruption and destructive entrepreneurship", Small Business Economics, 51(1), pp.181~202 (2018)
  30. Boudreaux, C. J., "Socio-cognitive traits and entrepreneurship : The moderating role of economic institutions", Journal of Business Venturing, 34(1), pp.178~196 (2019)
  31. Boyd, N. G., "The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(4), pp.63~77 (1994)
  32. Brännback, M., "Why replicate entrepreneurial intentionality studies? Prospects, perils, and academic reality", SMU edge conference (2006)
  33. Bryant, P., "Self-regulation and decision heuristics in entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation and exploitation", Management Decision, 45(4), pp.732~748 (2007)
  34. Bullough, A., "Danger Zone Entrepreneurs : The Importance of Resilience and Self-Efficacy for Entrepreneurial Intentions", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(3), pp.473~499 (2014)
  35. Busenitz, L. W., "Differences between entrepreneurs and managers in large organizations : Biases and heuristics in strategic decision-making", Journal of Business Venturing, 12(1), pp.9~30 (1997)
  36. Buttner, E. H., "Examining female entrepreneurs'management style : An application of a relational frame", Journal of business ethics, 29(3), pp.253~269 (2001)
  37. Cacciotti, G., "Fear of failure and entrepreneurship : a review and direction for future research", ERC Research Paper, 24(1), pp.1~62 (2014)
  38. Caliendo, M., "Risk attitudes of nascent entrepreneurs-new evidence from an experimentally validated survey", Small Business Economics, 32(2), pp.153~167 (2009)
  39. Carr, J. C., "Prior family business exposure as intergenerational influence and entrepreneurial intent : A theory of planned behavior approach", Journal of business research, 60(10), pp.1090~1098 (2007)
  40. Chase, W. G., "Perception in chess", Cognitive psychology, 4(1), pp.55~81 (1973)
  41. Chell, E., "Review of skill and the entrepreneurial process", International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 19(1), pp.6~31 (2013)
  42. Chen, C., "Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers?", Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), pp.295~316 (1998)
  43. Christensen, P. S., "Opportunity Identifi cation: Mapping the Sources of New Venture Ideas, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research" (1990), Babson College
  44. Clercq, D. D., "The Role of Knowledge in Business Start-up Activity", International Small Business Journal, 24(4), pp.339~358 (2006)
  45. Cohen, W. M., "Administrative science quarterly", pp.128~152 (1990)
  46. Cowan, D. A., "Developing a process model of problem recognition", Academy of Management Review, 11(4), pp.763~776 (1986)
  47. Culpin, V., "Age, job identification, and entrepreneurial intention", Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(1), pp.38~53 (2015)
  48. Davidsson, P., "Culture, structure and regional levels of entrepreneurship", Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 7(1), pp.41~62 (1995)
  49. Davidsson, P., "The Role of Social and Human Capital among Nascent Entrepreneurs", Journal of Business Venturing, 18(3), pp.301~331 (2003)
  50. DePillis, E., "The influence of personality traits and persuasive messages on entrepreneurial intention : a cross-cultural comparison", Career Development International, 12(4), pp.382~396 (2007)
  51. Douglas, E. J., "Self-employment as a Career Choice : Attitudes, Entrepreneurial Intentions, and Utility Maximization", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(3), pp.81~90 (2002)
  52. Doyle, J. A., "Sex and gender: The human experience" (1985), McGrow Hill
  53. Dwyer, A. L., "Stress, self-efficacy, social support, and coping strategies in university students", Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy, 35(3) (2001)
  54. Ebrahim, M., "Entrepreneurial intention promoted by perceived capabilities, risk propensity and opportunity awareness: a global study", 56th International Council of Small Businesses (2011)
  55. Edelman, L., "The impact of environment and entrepreneurial perceptions on venture-creation efforts : Bridging the discovery and creation views of entrepreneurship", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(5), pp.833~856 (2010)
  56. Ericsson, K. A., "Expert and exceptional performance : evidence of maximal adaptation to task constraints", Annual Review of Psychology, 47(1), pp.273~305 (1996)
  57. Fayolle, A., "Handbook of research on new venture creation" (2011), Edward Elgar Publishing
  58. Fiske, S. T., "Social cognition" (1984), Addison-Wesley
  59. Fitzsimmons, J. R., "Interaction between feasibility and desirability in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions", Journal of business venturing, 26(4), pp.431~440 (2011)
  60. Foss, N. J., "Organizing entrepreneurial judgment: A new approach to the firm" (2012), Cambridge University Press
  61. Frese, M., "Toward a psychology of entrepreneurship-An action theory perspective", Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 5(6), pp.437~496 (2009)
  62. Gaglio, C. M., "Opportunity recognition. Advances in entrepreneurship", Firm emergence and growth, 3(4), pp.139~202 (1997)
  63. Gaglio, C. M., "The psychological basis of opportunity recognition : Entrepreneurial alertness", Small business economics, 16(2), pp.95~111 (2001)
  64. Gartner, W. B., "Finding the entrepreneur in entrepreneurship", Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 18(3), pp.5~9 (1994)
  65. Glaser, R., "The Nature of Expertise" (1988), Erlbaum
  66. Godwin, J. L., "Self-leadership, spirituality, and entrepreneur performance: a conceptual model", Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 13(1), pp.64~78 (2016)
  67. Gollwitzer, P. M., "Implementation intentions : strong effects of simple plans", American psychologist, 54(7), pp.493~ (1999)
  68. Greve, A., "Social networks and entrepreneurship", Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 28(1), pp.1~22 (2003)
  69. Hackett, G., "A self-efficacy approach to the career development of women", Journal of vocational behavior, 18(3), pp.326~339 (1981)
  70. Hambrick, D. C., "Upper echelons : The organization as a reflection of its top managers", Academy of management review, 9(2), pp.193~206 (1984)
  71. Heckhausen, H., "The Anatomy of Achievement Motivation (Vol. 1)" (2013), Academic Press
  72. Heinzel, J., "How do certain factors affect the fear of failure in entrepreneurship", Annual International Conference On Business Strategy & Organizational Behaviour (Bizstrategy), pp.21~26 (2014)
  73. Higgins, E. T., "Personality, cogni-tion, and social interaction", pp.69~121 (1981)
  74. Hoang, H., "Network-based research in entrepreneurship : A critical review", Journal of business venturing, 18(2), pp.165~187 (2003)
  75. Hsu, D. K., "I know I can, but I don't fit : Perceived fit, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention", Journal of Business Venturing, 34(2), pp.311~326 (2019)
  76. Jackson, S. E., "Discerning threats and opportunities", Administrative Science Quarterly, 33(3), pp.370~387 (1988)
  77. Jaros, S. J., "Effects of continuance, affective, and moral commitment on the withdrawal process : An evaluation of eight structural equation models", Academy of management Journal, 36, pp.951~995 (2017)
  78. Johannisson, B., "Economics of Overview-Guiding the External Growth of Small Firms", International Small Business Journal, 9(1), pp.32~44 (1990)
  79. Johannisson, B., "University training for entrepreneurship-an action frame of reference", European Journal of Engineering Education, 23(4), pp.477~496 (1998)
  80. Kahneman, D., "On the interpretation of intuitive probability : A reply to Jonathan Cohen", Cognition, 7(4), pp.409~411 (1979)
  81. Kent, R. L., "Effects of sex and gender role on leader emergence", Academy of Management Journal, 37(5), pp.1335~1346 (1994)
  82. Kickul, J., "Intuition versus Analysis? Testing Differential Models of Cognitive Style on Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and the New Venture Creation Process", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(2), pp.439~453 (2009)
  83. Kolvereid, L., "Organizational employment versus self-employment : Reasons for career choice intentions", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 20(3), pp.23~31 (1996)
  84. Kirzner, I. M., "Perception, Opportunity, and Profit:Studies in the Theory of Entrepreneurship" (1979), University of Chicago Press
  85. Krueger, N. F., "The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perceptions of new venture feasibility and desirability", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(1), pp.5~21 (1993)
  86. Krueger, N. F., "The cognitive infrastructure of opportunity emergence", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 24(3), pp.5~23 (2000)
  87. Krueger, N. F., "nderstanding the entrepreneurial mind, international studies in entrepreneurship" (2009), Springer
  88. Krueger, N. F., "Entrepreneurial intentions : Applying the theory of planned behaviour", Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 5(4), pp.315~330 (1993)
  89. Krueger, N. F., "How believing in ourselves increases risk taking : perceivedself-efficacy and opportunity recognition", Decision Sciences, 25(3), pp.385~400 (1994)
  90. Lawson, C., "Collective learning, tacit knowledge and regional innovative capacity", Regional Studies, 33, pp.305~317 (1999)
  91. Lent, R. W., "Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance", Journal of vocational behavior, 45(1), pp.79~122 (1994)
  92. Lent, R. W., "Career self-efficacy : Empirical status and future directions", Journal of vocational Behavior, 30(3), pp.347~382 (1987)
  93. Regulafion and macroeconomic performance, "Loayza, N.", World Bank, ~, pp.No. 3469 (2004)
  94. Lord, R. G., "Alternative information-processing models and their implications for theory, research, and practice", Academy of management review, 15(1), pp.9~28 (1990)
  95. Lu, L. C., "Consumer attitudes toward blogger’s sponsored recommendations and purchase intention : The effect of sponsorship type, product type, and brand awareness", Computers in Human Behavior, 34, pp.258~266 (2014)
  96. Lumpkin, G. T., "The role of organizational learning in the opportunity-recognition process", Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 29(4), pp.451~472 (2005)
  97. Lunenburg, F. C., "Goal-setting theory of motivation", International journal of management, Business, and administration, 15(1), pp.1~6 (2011)
  98. Macho, S., "Estimating, testing, and comparing specific effects in structural equation models : The phantom model approach", Psychological methods, 16(1), pp.34~43 (2011)
  99. March, J. G., "Organizations" (1993), John wiley & sons
  100. Mauer, R., "Revisiting the entrepreneurial mind" (2017), Springer
  101. McCabe, A. C., "The business of ethics and gender", Journal of Business Ethics, 64(2), pp.101~116 (2006)
  102. McGee, J. E., "Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy : Refining the Measure", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(4), pp.965~988 (2009)
  103. McGregor, H. A., "The Shame of Failure : Examining the Link Between Fear of Failure and Shame", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(2), pp.218~231 (2005)
  104. McMullen, J. S., "Entrepreneurial action and the role of uncertainty in the theory of the entrepreneur", Academy of Management review, 31(1), pp.132~152 (2006)
  105. Miller, N., "Social learning and imitation" (1941), Yale University Press
  106. Minniti, M., "Gender issues in entrepreneurship", Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship, 5(7–8), pp.497~621 (2009)
  107. Mintzberg, H., "Tracking strategy in an entrepreneurial firm", Academy of management journal, 25(3), pp.465~499 (1982)
  108. Mor, S., "The risk-seeking propensity of Indian entrepreneurs : A study using GEM data", Strategic Change, 29(3), pp.311~319 (2020)
  109. Mueller, S. L., "Gender-role orientation as a determinant of entrepreneurial self-efficacy", Journal of developmental Entrepreneurship, 13(01), pp.3~20 (2008)
  110. Nahapiet, J., "Social capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage", Academy of Management Review, 23(2), pp.242~268 (1998)
  111. Naktiyok, A., "Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention : the Turkish case", International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 6(4), pp.419~435 (2010)
  112. Neisser, U, "Cognitive Psychology" (1967), Appleton-Century-Crafts
  113. Noguera, M., "Socio-cultural factors and female entrepreneurship", International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9(2), pp.183~197 (2013)
  114. 옥준우, "사회적 지지가 창업의도 및 창업행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 창업자기효능감과 창업의도의 매개효과", 벤처창업연구, 15(1), pp.151~165 (2020), 한국벤처창업학회[DOI]
  115. Orbeil, S., "Implementation intentions and the theory of planned behavior", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(9), pp.945~954 (1997)
  116. Ozgen, E., "Social sources of information in opportunity recognition : Effects of mentors, industry networks, and professional forums", Journal of business venturing, 22(2), pp.174~192 (2007)
  117. Patzelt, H., "Negative emotions of an entrepreneurial career : self-employment and regulatory coping behaviors", Journal of Business Venturing, 26(3), pp.226~238 (2011)
  118. Piaget, J, "Biology and Knowledge" (1971), Edinburgh University Press
  119. Pihie, Z. A. L., "Self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention : The mediation effect of self-regulation", Vocations and Learning, 6(3), pp.385~401 (2013)
  120. Pollack, J. M., "The moderating role of social ties on entrepreneurs'depressed affect and withdrawal intentions in response to economic stress", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(6), pp.789~810 (2012)
  121. Ramos-Rodriguez, A. R., "What you know or who you know? The role of intellectual and social capital in opportunity recognition", International Small Business Journal, 28(6), pp.566~582 (2010)
  122. Rauch, A., "Let’s put the person back into entrepreneurship research : A meta-analysis on the relationship between business owners’ personality traits, business creation, and success", European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16(4), pp.353~385 (2007)
  123. Reitan, B, "Where do we learn that entrepreneurship is feasible, desirable, and", or profitable?, 1997, ~
  124. Sarasvathy, S. D., "Causation and effectuation : Toward a theoretical shift from economic inevitability to entrepreneurial contingency", Academy of management Review, 26(2), pp.243~263 (2001)
  125. Sarasvathy, S. D., "Effectual reasoning in entrepreneurial decision making: existence and bounds", Academy of management proceedings, 2001(1), pp.D1~D6 (2001)
  126. Schlaegel, C., "Determinants of entrepreneurial intent : A meta-analytic test and integration of competing models", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), pp.291~332 (2014)
  127. Sequeira, J., "The influence of social ties and self-efficacy in forming entrepreneurial intentions and motivating nascent behavior", Journal of developmental entrepreneurship, 12(03), pp.275~293 (2007)
  128. Shapero, A., "The Environment for entrepreneurship" (1984), Lexington Books
  129. Shapero, A., "Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship", pp.72~90 (1982)
  130. Sharma, D. D., "The internationalization process of born globals : a network view", International business review, 12(6), pp.739~753 (2003)
  131. Shepherd, D. A., "Learning from Business Failure : Propositions of Grief Recovery for the SelfEmployed", Academy of Management Review, 28(2), pp.318~328 (2003)
  132. Shepherd, D. A., "New venture survival: Ignorance, external shocks, and risk reduction strategies", Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5-6), pp.393~410 (2000)
  133. Shepherd, D. A., "An intentions-based model of entrepreneurial teams’ social cognition", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(2), pp.167~185 (2002)
  134. Sherman, S. J., "Social cognition", Annual review of psychology, 40(1), pp.281~326 (1989)
  135. Shinnar, R. S., "Entrepreneurial perceptions and intentions : the role of gender and culture", Entrepreneurship : Theory and Practice, 36(3), pp.465~493 (2012)
  136. Short, J. C., "The concept of"opportunity"in entrepreneurship research : Past accomplishments and future challenges", Journal of management, 36(1), pp.40~65 (2010)
  137. Singh, R., "Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research" (1999), Babson College
  138. Singh, R. P., "Not just domestic engineers : An exploratory study of homemaker entrepreneurs", Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 29(1), pp.79~90 (2005)
  139. Solesvik, M. Z., "Entrepreneurial motivations and intentions : investigating the role of education major", Education+Training, 55(3), pp.253~271 (2013)
  140. Stinchcombe, A. L, "Handbook of Organizations", pp.142~193 (1965), Handbook of Organizations
  141. Stumpf, S. S., "Developing entrepreneurial skills through the use of behavioural simulations", Journal of management development, 10(5), pp.32~45 (1991)
  142. Sullivan, D. M., "Gender and entrepreneurship : a review and process model", Journal of managerial psychology, 27(5), pp.428~458 (2012)
  143. Tang, J., "Entrepreneurial alertness in the pursuit of new opportunities", Journal of Business Venturing, 27(1), pp.77~94 (2012)
  144. Tsai, K. H., "Refining the linkage between perceived capability and entrepreneurial intention : Roles of perceived opportunity, fear of failure, and gender", International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(4), pp.1127~1145 (2016)
  145. Tushman, M. L., "Information Processing as an Integrating Concept in Organizational Design", Academy of Management Review, 3(3), pp.613~624 (1978)
  146. Ucbasaran, D., "abitual entrepreneurs" (2006), Edward Elgar Publishing
  147. Ucbasaran, D., "The extent and nature of opportunity recognition by experienced entrepreneurs", Journal of business venturing, 24(2), pp.99~115 (2009)
  148. Ucbasaran, D., "The nature of entrepreneurial experience, business failure and comparative optimism", Journal of Business Venturing, 25(6), pp.541~555 (2010)
  149. Ullman, J. B., "Handbook of psychology", pp.607~634 (2003)
  150. Verheul, I., "Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment : gender and the entrepreneurial personality", Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(2), pp.325~341 (2012)
  151. Verworn, B., "A structural equation model of the impact of the"fuzzy front end"on the success of new product development", Research Policy, 38(10), pp.1571~1581 (2009)
  152. Ward, A., "Enterprise skills and enterprise learning", Foresight-The Journal of Future Studies, strategic thinking and policy, 6(2), pp.104~109 (2004)
  153. Wasdani, K. P., "Potential for opportunity recognition along the stages of entrepreneurship", Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 4(1), pp.1~24 (2014)
  154. Welpe, I. M., "Emotions and Opportunities : The Interplay of Opportunity Evaluation, Fear, Joy, and Anger as Antecedent of Entrepreneurial Exploitation", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(1), pp.69~96 (2012)
  155. Westhead, P., "Novice, serial and portfolio entrepreneur behavior and contributions", Small Business Economics, 25(2), pp.109~132 (2005)
  156. Wilson, F., "Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions : Implications for entrepreneurship education", Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 31(3), pp.387~406 (2007)
  157. Wood, M. S., "Endingsand visions of new beginnings : the effects of source of unemployment and duration of unemployment on entrepreneurial intent", Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 3(2), pp.171~206 (2013)
  158. Wood, R., "Impact of conceptions of ability on self-regulatory mechanisms and complex decision making", Journal of personality and social psychology, 56(3), pp.407~ (1989)
  159. World Bank., "Doing business. Training for reform" (2019), The World Bank
  160. Zhao, H., "The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions", Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), pp.1265~1272 (2005)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (17건)