미수(眉叟) 허목(許穆)의 존군(尊君) 의식 고찰

Abstract

Heo Mok(許穆) presents ‘the consciousness of respect for the Monarch(尊君意識)’ as one of ‘the Great righteousness of Chunchu(春秋大義)’. Since Dong Jungseo(董仲舒) in the Former Han dynasty interpreted 『Chunchu(春秋)』 and established the theory of imperial rule, ‘the Great righteousness of Chunchu(春秋大義)’ used to be interpreted differently each time by various scholars, including Ga Gyu(賈逵) in the Latter Han dynasty and Jeong I(程頤) in the Northern Song Dynasty. Heo Mok’s perception of ‘the Great righteousness of Chunchu’ has no differences. Heo Mok’s ‘the consciousness of respect for the Monarch’ aims to strengthen the state by enhancing the position power of monarch. He argues that the power of the monarch can be raised based on the rituals, the order set by heaven. The reason Heo Mok emphasized the order of heaven is to make a kind of checking on the monarch and to elicit the monarch’s subjective and ethical behavior. And, that power of the monarch must be exercised for the people. On the other hand, Heo Mok thought that the duty of respecting the monarch does not change even if times change and customs was changed, but the rituals of practicing duty can change. It is also true that Heo Mok’s ‘the consciousness of respect for the Monarch’ shows certain limitations on the premise of a discriminatory status order, but three insights can be obtained from his thinking of accepting changes and differences. These can be summarized as maintaining orders, accepting changes, acknowledging differences.