한국 개인정원의 시대별 일본정원 요소 적용과 영향요인 분석

Abstract

Unlike the rapidly changing society and culture, the Japanese garden style has been long remained in the garden field, But it is time to differentiate the styles of Korean modern private gardens and escape from the Japanese garden style based on the influx and expansion of overseas gardening styles. The purpose of this study was to better express the characteristics of Korean private gardens and to provide data on the application status and influencing factors of the Japanese garden style so that it can be developed into a unique garden style by grasping how much of the Japanese garden factors have been applied to Korean modern private gardens by period, and what are the factors that consistently remain. This study extracted and quantified Japanese garden factors applied to modern private gardens shown in garden magazines by planting type and facility type, and grasped the extent of application of the Japanese garden factors by period. Although Korean private gardens are developing with the diversification of garden styles and the expansion of garden materials such as planting trees and flowers compared to the past, it was shown that the influence of the Japanese colonial era continues in the Korean garden culture. The application index of the Japanese garden factors was 40.0 points from postwar to 1970, 20.3 points from 1971 to 1980, 26.0 points from 1981 to 1990, 7.3 points from 1991 to 2000, 17.8 points from 2001 to 2010, and 16.3 points from 2011 to 2019. The application index tended to decrease with a slope of 4.1 from the Korean War to the present. It was shown that pruned pines such as Juniperus chinensis Kaizuka Variegata and pruned royal azaleas were frequently applied with an application frequency of 1.0 or higher among the Japanese garden factors. The frequency of application of facility factors such as laying stepping stone, intentional arrangement of natural stones, stone pagoda, or stone lanterns, was also high by 1.0 or higher. The reason for the continued application of Japanese garden factors in Korean private gardens was found to be largely influenced by the practical introduction and application of Japanese garden factors at the garden construction site, in a situation where garden personnel who design and construct a garden have little clear understanding of garden culture and garden styles. Therefore, this study raised the necessity of fostering technical personnel for garden construction who should continuously escape from the Japanese garden factors remained in Korean private gardens, and apply an independent and unique Korean garden style.