코로나 19 이후 정부대응책 인식과 식생활 변화에 관한 연구 –경제적, 심리적, 신체적 영향을 중심으로
A Study on the Recognition of Government Policy and the Change of Dietary Life After COVID-19 – Focusing on Economic, Psychological, and Physical Effects
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초록
코로나 19 이후 소비자들의 행동이 위축되고 정부는 감염병 확산을 방지하기 위한 다양한 정책들을 시행하였다. 이에 국민들의 경제 활동은 비대면 소비 형태로 변화되면서 외식사업에 심각한 타격을 초래하였고, 감염병의 대유행으로 식생활 패턴의 변화, 배달음식업 중심으로의 외식산업의 개편이 이루어졌다. 본 연구는 코로나 19 이후 정부대응책에 대한 인식 및 식생활의 변화를 분석하고, 수도권에 거주하고 있는 소비자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 카이제곱 분석을 통해 실증적으로 검증하였다. 연구 분석 결과 첫째, 코로나 19 이후 정부대응책에 대한 인식의 차이가 있었다. 한국 소비자들은 ‘마스크쓰기’가 가장 효과적인 정부대응책이라고 인식하고 있었으나, 기타 국가의 선행 연구결과에서는 '사회적 거리두기'와 ‘지역이동제한’이 가장 효과적인 정부대응책으로 평가되었다는 점에서 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 코로나 19 이후 외식 등 식생활의 변화가 있었다. 코로나 19 이후 외식은 급격히 감소하였고 가정식은 증가하였으나, 가정식을 배달음식으로 대체하는 현상들이 증가하였으며, 코로나 19 이후 음주횟수는 감소하였다. 셋째, 코로나 19 이후 경제적/심리적/신체적 영향으로 인한 외식 등 식생활의 변화도 있었다. 코로나 19 이후 경제적으로 수입 감소, 심리적으로 스트레스 증가, 신체적으로 건강상태 악화 등의 부정적인 효과가 있었으며, 외식의 경우 주로 집에서 가족·친지 또는 혼자 식사하는 비율이 증가하였고 음주도 주로 집에서 하고 스트레스가 증가할수록 음주횟수도 늘어나는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 시사점으로 한국의 수도권은 인구밀집도가 매우 높은 지역으로 공항·항만 등을 통한 해외 신종감염병 바이러스의 유입 가능성이 높아 감염병 대유행에 매우 취약할 수밖에 없기 때문에 효과적인 감염병 관리를 위해서는 진단·검사 및 역학조사 역량 확대, 병상·의료진 확보 등 재난의료 대응역량 제고, 촘촘한 비상대응매뉴얼 개발 등을 추진할 필요가 있을 것이다. 감염병의 대유행은 경제위기뿐만 아니라 외부활동 감소 등으로 국민건강에도 유해한 결과를 초래한다는 점에서 감염병으로 인한 건강악화를 해소하기 위해 정부차원의 건강관리 프로그램도 제공할 필요가 있을 것이다.
Abstract
Since the COVID-19 outbreak, people’s behavior has been discouraged and governments have implemented various policies to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Examples include social distancing, wearing a mask, disaster subsidy of government, school and workplace closure, and movement restrictions. These government responses were implemented simultaneously depending on national status. As a result, people's economic activities changed to on-line consumption and food-delivery, which caused serious damages to restaurant business. Due to the pandemic, the eating and life-style changed, and the food business was reorganized as focusing on delivery food service. This study analyze the relationship between the government responses and dietary changes after COVID-19. A chi-square analysis was performed to verify the hypothesis by using a questionnaire survey on citizens living in the metropolitan area. The hypothesis that there would be a difference in perceptions of government responses after COVID-19 was adopted. Specifically, Korean people recognized that wearing a mask was the most effective government response. However, other countries results show a difference in that social distancing and regional movement restriction were evaluated as the most effective response. The hypothesis that there would be changes in eating habits after COVID-19 was adopted. In other words, the phenomenon of replacing eating-out rapidly decreased and home-cooked with delivery food increased. After COVID-19, the number of drinking has decreased, and in food selection, considered healthy, price and convenience are preferred, in addition, taking health supplements and nutritional supplements has also increased. The hypothesis was adopted that there would be changes in eating habits such as eating out due to economic/psychological/physical effects after COVID-19. Specifically, after COVID-19, there were negative effects such as a decrease in income economically, an increase in psychological stress, and a poor healthy, in case of eating out, the proportion of eating alone or with family increased at home and as the stress increased, drinking was at home and the number of drinking increased. If the Korea consider as high population density compared to other countries, it is very susceptible to infectious diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the reorganized system and developing the detailed manuals for disease control. In the case of the disaster subsidy, to the economic crisis caused by the pandemic, it should be linked to stimulate the consumption for overcoming the economic crisis. Because pandemic of infectious diseases not only causes economic crises, but also has harmful effects on the health of the people due to reduced outside activities, government needs to be provided with support and disaster treatment programs to resolve poor health.
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