음악영재 아동의 특성 및 교육
The Characteristics and Training of Musically Gifted Children
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이 연구는 일반 아동과 다른 잠재력과 능력을 가진 인간발달의 측면에서 음악영재 아동의 특성 및 이에 따른 교육적 시사점을 고찰함으로써, 그들의 재능이 오용되거나 낭비되거나 사장되지 않을 것을 주장한다. 음악영재의 재능은 인생의 초기에 나타난다는 특성이 있기 때문에 조기 발굴 및 교육의 필요성이 있다. 음악영재를 구분 짓는 특성에는 뛰어난 음악적 기술, 음감, 리듬감, 표현 능력과 창의성, 성격적 특성, 결정 경험(crystallizing)이 포함되며, 이러한 특성을 발달을 위하여 좋은 교사, 부모와 가족, 사회적 기회와 같은 외부적 지원이 필수적이다. 그러나 좋은 환경의 지원을 받지 못하는 잠재적 음악영재의 발굴 및 교육도 그들의 인간발달의 측면에서 필요하다. 이런 잠재적 음악영재 발굴은 우리나라에서 아직 시도되지 않지만, 미국의 ArtsConnection 프로그램과 독일의 Schworhaus musikschule의 예를 통하여 시사점을 발견할 수 있다. 이와 더불어 우리나라 음악영재의 발굴, 사회경제적 형평성의 고려, 저변 확대의 필요성에 대한 제언이 덧붙여진다.
Abstract
This study examined the characteristics of musically gifted children from the viewpoints of their human development and rights. The musical talents reveal early in life, assuming its relationship with the early development of auditory senses. The musical talents of the gifted children include outstanding technical skills, tonal memory and senses, rhythmic memory and senses, personality attributes, expressive abilities and creativity, and crystallizing experiences. To develop these musical talents, the supports and resources from quality teachers, parents and family and social opportunities are important. However, we need to discover and train the musically gifted children who are not benefitted from such good circumstances. The ArtsConnetion in the U. S. A. and Schworhaus Musikschule in Germany are presented as examples of discoverying and training of the musically gifted children not being benefitted from the good circumstances. In addition the suggestions about the education of the musically gifted children in Korea are discussed, including the topics of distinguishing timing and methods of the musically gifted children, their socio-economic equity in education, and implications for improvements.
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