Integration of MEMS Microfabrication and Optical Trapping in a Disposable Lab-on-a-Chip Flow Cytometer
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Conventional flow cytometers rely on sheath-flow hydrodynamic focusing and fluorescence-based detection, buttheir complexity, cost, and maintenance requirements limit widespread adoption. To address these limitations, wedeveloped a disposable lab-on-a-chip flow cytometer that integrates MEMS-based microfluidics, optical trapping,and on-chip fluorescence detection within a compact format. Microchannels were fabricated using deep siliconetching and PDMS plasma bonding, enabling inertial focusing and stable laminar flow without sheath fluids. Thesyringe-integrated disposable chip eliminates external tubing and cleaning procedures, enabling contamination-freeand user-friendly operation. For multiparametric detection, a diode laser–based optical trapping module (650-1650 nm)was coupled with a fluorescence detection unit comprising excitation optics, dichroic mirrors, and photodetectors. Using 30 μm fluorescently labeled polystyrene beads (FITC, PE), the system achieved stable trapping and fluorescencetriggeredsorting with measurement errors below 5%, while providing clear and distinct detection of fluorescentlylabeled beads against background signals. This work demonstrates a disposable lab-on-a-chip cytometer thatuniquely combines MEMS microfabrication, optical trapping, and fluorescence detection, offering a low-cost andhigh-precision alternative to conventional flow cytometers for clinical diagnostics, point-of-care testing(POCT),and next-generation cytometric applications.
Abstract
Conventional flow cytometers rely on sheath-flow hydrodynamic focusing and fluorescence-based detection, buttheir complexity, cost, and maintenance requirements limit widespread adoption. To address these limitations, wedeveloped a disposable lab-on-a-chip flow cytometer that integrates MEMS-based microfluidics, optical trapping,and on-chip fluorescence detection within a compact format. Microchannels were fabricated using deep siliconetching and PDMS plasma bonding, enabling inertial focusing and stable laminar flow without sheath fluids. Thesyringe-integrated disposable chip eliminates external tubing and cleaning procedures, enabling contamination-freeand user-friendly operation. For multiparametric detection, a diode laser–based optical trapping module (650-1650 nm)was coupled with a fluorescence detection unit comprising excitation optics, dichroic mirrors, and photodetectors. Using 30 μm fluorescently labeled polystyrene beads (FITC, PE), the system achieved stable trapping and fluorescencetriggeredsorting with measurement errors below 5%, while providing clear and distinct detection of fluorescentlylabeled beads against background signals. This work demonstrates a disposable lab-on-a-chip cytometer thatuniquely combines MEMS microfabrication, optical trapping, and fluorescence detection, offering a low-cost andhigh-precision alternative to conventional flow cytometers for clinical diagnostics, point-of-care testing(POCT),and next-generation cytometric applications.