Development of a Microfluidics-based Flow Cytometer Using Disposable Lab-on-a-chip

Abstract

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), which analyzes fluorescently stained cells in a flowing fluid and separates specific cellpopulations, is widely used across various fields, including molecular biology, pathology, and immunology. FACS has become an essential tool for advancing biotechnology. However, conventional flow cytometers have remained largely unchanged over the past 50 years, with improvements primarily limited to the addition of laser light sources and use of ultrasound to enhance accuracy. Conventional flow cytometers target only fluorescently labeled samples, necessitating complex modules to detect fluorescent signals and components to charge and separate target cells. Furthermore, they require calibration systems and mechanisms for cleaning flow channels and tubing when switching samples, adding to the instrument's structural complexity and cost. In this study, we designed a disposable microlabon-a-chip system based on microelectromechanical systems to replace existing methodologies. By implementing hydrodynamic effects such as inertial focusing, inertial ordering, and Dean flow, we achieved particle alignment in a single direction. This led to the development of an innovative flow cytometry system that uses laser-induced light pressure to isolate specific cells.