부산지역 외국인 근로자 고용실태에 관한 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to analyses the employment structure of foreign workers in Busan and its impact on performances of firms that hire those foreign workers, using Busan Job Survey. First of all, geographical distribution of foreign workers vary upon the industrial structure by subregion, Si, Gun, and Gu in Busan. Based on the criteria of foreigner employment and establishment type, we devide firms by 4 categories and explore those characteristics with respect to their practice of foreign worker employment. Firms with foreign workers evaluate that foreign workers tend to be more productive over native non-regular workers, thus pay more to the foreigners. Furthermore, firms hiring foreign workers pay higher wages than firms not hiring foreign. These findings support the view that firms with foreign workers are more profitable and the relationship between native and foreign worker would be complementary each other, boosting productivity of the firm. However, these phenomenon seems to out of the intention of the Work Permit System that allows to hire foreign workers only in certain sectors and firms not being able to find native workers in it. The results of logit and decision tree model to find determinants of firms’ hiring foreign workers revealed that industry, firm size, union and sales volume are the most important variables whether a firm hires foreign worker. Firms in manufacturing sector with higher sales volume and no union tend to hire more foreign workers. However, job vacancies does not seem to have statistical association with firms’ decision to hire foreign workers. In the sense that the Work Permit System in Korea only allow firms with vacancies to hire foreign workers, this is a important check point whether the system works properly. Finally, this paper analyzes whether there are variances in firms’ performances by hiring foreign workers. In order to do so, this paper utilized 1-to-1 matching and PSM together. However, there is no statistically significant differences after controlling firms’ characteristics between firms with and without foreign workers. Based on our results, it would be necessary to find an appropriate policy measure for firms to hire more native workers if the practice of firms’ hiring foreign workers dose not related with their job vacancies and sales volume.