게슈탈트치료기법이 유창성장애 성인의 말더듬 행동 및 자각에 미치는 효과
A Study of the Effects of Gestalt Therapy on Adult Stutterer’s Behaviors and Their Awareness of Stuttering
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본 연구는 게슈탈트치료가 유창성장애성인의 말더듬 행동 및 자각에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 게슈탈트치료는 프로그램 이해단계, 자각 단계, 변화 단계, 적응단계 마지막으로 정리 및 종결단계로 실시하였다. 연구 대상은 신경학적 손상이나 다른 언어 및 발달 장애가 없는 발달성 유창성장애성인 4명으로 선정하였다. 말더듬 행동의 개선 정도를 알아보기 위하여 말더듬 빈도, 지속시간을 비교하였고, 말더듬 자각의 개선 정도를 알아보기 위하여 자아효능감, 의사소통태도 결과를 비교하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 치료 후 말더듬 빈도는 감소하여 구어 유창성이 치료 초기에 습득되었다. 치료과정에서 대부분의 피험자들이 말더듬 빈도에서 감소를 나타내었다. 또한 말더듬 지속시간도 치료 후에 감소를 나타내었다. 둘째, 게슈탈트 치료 후 피험자 모두의 자아효능감이 증가하였으며 접근하는 태도뿐 만아니라 유창성 수행 모두 증가하였다. 의사소통 태도 또한 모든 피험자들이 긍정적으로 개선되었다. 치료 이후 의사소통 상황에 좀 더 긍정적이고 적극적으로 접근하는 태도를 가지게 되었다. 피험자들이 게슈탈트 치료 이후 현재 자아의 능력을 신뢰하고 현재 자아에 대하여 긍정적으로 인식하게 되었다. 결론적으로, 게슈탈트치료는 유창성장애성인의 말더듬 행동 및 자각을 개선시켜 다양한 말더듬 특징들에 긍정적인 효과가 있었다
Abstract
This is a study of the effects of Gestalt Therapy on the adult stutterer's behaviors and awareness. The Gestalt Therapy is made up of a program understand phase, an awareness phase, a change phase and, finally, an arrangement and termination phase. The subjects of this research were 4 stutterers who developed a stuttering behavior without any apparent neurological damage or other speech or developmental impediments. To access their stuttering behaviors and awareness characteristics, I used methods for observing levels of behavioral awareness in each phase. I compared the frequency and duration of stuttering in the pre, interim and post assessments. To observe any improvement in stuttering awareness, I examined self-efficacy, as well as communication attitudes in the pre and post assessments and then compared the results. The results of the study are as follows: First, in regard to stuttering behavior, stuttering frequency decreased in the interim assessments, showing that the learning of fluent speech was acquired early in the therapy process. Looking at thechanges in stuttering frequency, most of the subjects of the Gestalt Therapy decreased their stuttering frequency. On the other hand, the duration time showed change in both the pre and post assessment, most likely due to the fact that the subjects acquired the ability to maintain fluency in speech by adjusting their speech rate in the early therapy process. Second, in regard to stuttering awareness, the self-efficacy of all subjects increased after Gestalt Therapy. They also showed a higher degree of confidence in initiating communication, as well as confidence in their fluency, which suggests a more positive attitude toward ommunication in general. With mediation, their attitudes in communication situations became more positive and interactive. This shows that they came to trust the competency of the present self and recognize the present self positively after the Gestalt Therapy. In conclusion, the results of the study show that Gestalt Therapy improved the adult stutterer's behavior and that their awareness of stuttering changed various characteristics in affirmative ways
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