산업 4.0 시대를 대비한 대학 4차원 교육의 내용과 방법
Contents and methods of 4 dimentional education preparing for the industry 4.0 era
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산업 4.0 시대를 대비한 대학 4차원 교육의 내용과 방법민춘기(전남대학교) 이 논문은 산업 4.0 시대를 대비하여 고등교육에서의 교육과정을 재설계해야 한다는 입장에 서 출발하였다. 연구목적은 새로운 교육 프레임워크에 포함되는 지식, 스킬, 인성, 메타 학습이 라는 4개 차원의 고등교육 및 4차원 교육에서 중요한 스킬로 여겨지는 비평적 사고 교육에 대해 고찰하여, 고등교육의 교육과정 설계에 이론적인 토대를 제공하고 시대와 사회의 요구를 반영한 교육 프로그램 운영의 기반을 마련하는 것이다. 이를 위해 국내외 관련 문헌과 사례를 검토하여 한국 대학에 적용하는 것에 대해 논의하였다. 먼저, 산업 4.0의 정의 및 영향에 대해 정리하고, 급변하는 시대에 부여된 고등교육의 역할과 그러한 역할을 수행하기 위해 4차원 교육 프로그램을 대학의 교육과정에 적용할 필요성에 대해 알아보았다. 이어서, 4차원 교육의 내용인 지식, 인성, 스킬, 메타적 학습 및 현대 사회에서 4C 스킬이 중요한 이유와 비평적 사고를 위해 요구되는 능력 등을 살펴보았다. 자기 주도적인 학습 과 평생학습을 위해 메타 학습도 고등교육에서 중요하다는 점을 언급하였다. 마지막으로, 4차원 교육을 위한 수업 설계와 관련하여 고등교육에서 핵심적으로 다루어야 하는 비평적 사고를 중 심으로 논의하고, 비평적 사고 스킬을 함양하기 위해 필요한 수업의 내용과 방법 및 평가 방식 을 예시하였다. 여기서 제시된 4차원 고등교육의 수업 설계에 대한 내용은 각 대학의 특성과 실정에 맞는 교 육 프로그램 설계에 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 이를 위해 각 차원별로 보다 더 구체적인 교과목을 개발하여 운영하고 성취도를 평가하는 문제에 대한 연구가 이어져야 한다. 이를 통해 변화의 속 도가 빠르고 정보의 양이 기하급수적으로 증가하는 산업 4.0 시대를 살아갈 젊은 학생들이 대학 생활을 성공적으로 마치고 사회 생활을 안정적으로 준비할 수 있을 것이다. 산업 4.0 시대를 대 비하는 고등교육에서 4차원 교육의 내용과 방법을 활용하여 교육 프로그램을 개선한다면 고등교 육의 책무를 수행하는 데 이바지할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.
Abstract
Contents and methods of 4 dimentional education preparing for the industry 4.0 era Chun-gi Min(Chonnam University) This article started from the point that we should redesign the tertiary curricula in order to prepare for the industry 4.0 era. It aims at providing with theoretical basis for redesigning the curriculum at college level, recognising 4 dimensional education including knowledge, skills, character, meta learning and designing courses for enhancing especially critical thinking skill that is essential to the education at the universities. For this purpose, I examined domestic and foreign research and discussed about applying to redesigning curricula and courses. Firstly, I defined the 4th Industry and descreibed its effect and the role of higer education in the industry 4.0 era. Then I emphasized the necessity of the 4 dimensional education in redisigning curricula and explored feasibility of it in redesigning curricula of the Korean universities. Secondly, I summarised contents of the 4 dimensional education that consist of knowledge, character, skills and meta learning. Finally, I dealt with course designing to teach critical thinking skill and illustrated content, methods and assessment which could be used in the course. It can be possible to utilize the information and materials in designing curricula in which speciality of each setting is reflected. For it to be more meaningful, it is desirble to develop and manage courses and to evaluate the achievement of the learners and courses. In that case, we can equip learners for the successful college and career life.
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