단독-보편의 언어로 쓴 터의 서사: 조바니 베르가의 리얼리즘과 D. H. 로런스의 번역
The Narrative of Place in the Language of the Singular-Universal: Giovanni Verga's Realism and D. H. Lawrence's Translation
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Lawrence once said that we do not understand the Greeks and only translate them into another being. Rather than diminishing its achievement, this suggests translation’s importance as a means of penetrating the Other. This paper examines how Lawrence and Verga translate Italy’s ‘spirit of place’ into the singular-universalist language of their own narrative of place in resistance to modernism’s particular-generalist narrative of space. As the middle-class Tuscan dialect came to dominate the unified Italy, the national literature alienated other regional idioms and threatened to write the harsh life of the provinces out of the collective consciousness. Verga’s creation of a narrative of Sicily can be seen as a critical response to this. As in England, so in Italy issues of geography were a question of politics and the creation of an art that gave aesthetic expression to alienated regions in the universal form of fiction was essentially political. In this context, Verga’s project is analogous to what Lawrence attempts in Sons and Lovers. Verga, however, had to face the more complicated problem of the Sicilian dialect. Translating the Sicilian of his peasants into the superficial bourgeois language of the time would destroy the communication of their intense, singular feelings, yet he needed to translate them into a more accessible language. Consequently, he has to invent a new dialect, and this is exactly what Lawrence in turn attempts in his subsequent English translations of Verga. Both authors concentrate on the primitive passions of people rooted in place as the realization of the spirit of place. In both Verga’s and Lawrence’s ‘translations’, the singularity of this spirit survives the homogenizing forces of space which permeate modernity. The language they create is itself a means of creating the narrative of place, of Sicily and other places ‘in-between’.
Abstract
Lawrence once said that we do not understand the Greeks and only translate them into another being. Rather than diminishing its achievement, this suggests translation’s importance as a means of penetrating the Other. This paper examines how Lawrence and Verga translate Italy’s ‘spirit of place’ into the singular-universalist language of their own narrative of place in resistance to modernism’s particular-generalist narrative of space. As the middle-class Tuscan dialect came to dominate the unified Italy, the national literature alienated other regional idioms and threatened to write the harsh life of the provinces out of the collective consciousness. Verga’s creation of a narrative of Sicily can be seen as a critical response to this. As in England, so in Italy issues of geography were a question of politics and the creation of an art that gave aesthetic expression to alienated regions in the universal form of fiction was essentially political. In this context, Verga’s project is analogous to what Lawrence attempts in Sons and Lovers. Verga, however, had to face the more complicated problem of the Sicilian dialect. Translating the Sicilian of his peasants into the superficial bourgeois language of the time would destroy the communication of their intense, singular feelings, yet he needed to translate them into a more accessible language. Consequently, he has to invent a new dialect, and this is exactly what Lawrence in turn attempts in his subsequent English translations of Verga. Both authors concentrate on the primitive passions of people rooted in place as the realization of the spirit of place. In both Verga’s and Lawrence’s ‘translations’, the singularity of this spirit survives the homogenizing forces of space which permeate modernity. The language they create is itself a means of creating the narrative of place, of Sicily and other places ‘in-between’.
참고문헌 (27)
- Arnold, Armin, "Genius with a Dictionary : Reevaluating D. H. Lawrence’s Translations", Comparative Literature Studies, 5(4), pp.389~401 (1968)
- Benjamin, Walter, "Illuminations: Essays and Reflections" (1968), Schocken
- Carsaniga, G.M, "The Age of Realism", pp.323~353 (1974), Penguin
- Casey, Edward S, "Getting Back into Place : Toward a Renewed Understanding of the Place World" (1993), Indiana UP
- Cecchetti, Giovanni, "Verga and D. H. Lawrence’s Translation", Comparative Literature, 9(4), pp.333~344 (1957)
- Cecchetti, Giovanni, "Giovanni Verga" (1978), Twayne Publishers
- Comellini, Carla, "A Study on Mutual and Cross References and Interferences" (1995), Clueb
- Deleuze, Gilles, "Difference and Repetition" (1994), Columbia UP
- Derrida, Jacques, "What is a ‘Relevant’ Translation?", Critical Inquiry, 2, pp.174~200 (2001)
- Hyde, G. M. D. H, "Lawrence and the Art of Translation" (1981), Barnes and Noble Books
- Lawrence, D. H, "Studies in Classic American Literature" (2003), Cambridge UP
- Lawrence, D. H., "The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume 3" (1984), Cambridge UP
- Lawrence, D. H., "The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume 4" (1987), Cambridge UP
- Lawrence, D. H, "Phoenix II: Uncollected, Unpublished and Other Prose Works" (1968), Heineman
- Lucente, Gregory L, "The Narrative of Realism and Myth: Verga, Lawrence, Faulkner, Pavese" (1981), Johns Hopkins UP
- Mayer, Elizabeth, "D.H. Lawrence Miscellany" (1959), South Illinois UP
- Meyers, Jeffrey, "D. H. Lawrence and the Experience of Italy" (1982), University of Pennsylvania
- Pacifici, Sergio, "From Verismo to Experimentalism: Essays on the Modern Italian Novel", pp.3~34 (1969), Indiana UP
- Rancière, Jacques, "The Politics of Literature" (2011), Polity Press
- Russo, Luigi, "Giovanni Verga" (1947), Laterza
- Traficante, Antonio, "D. H. Lawrence’s Italian Travel Literature and Translations of Giovanni Verga: A Bakhtinian Reading" (2007), Peter Lang
- Venuti, Lawrence, "Rethinking Translations" (1992), Routledge
- Verga, Giovanni, "Cavalleria Rusticana and Other Stories" (1999), Penguin
- Verga, Giovanni, "Cavaleria Rusticana" (1962), The New English Library
- Verga, Giovanni, "Cavalleria Rusticana E Alter Novella" (2001), BUR
- Verga, Giovanni, "The She-Woolf and Other Stories" (1973), University of California Press
- Woolf, D, "The Art of Verga" (1977), Sydney UP