이민정책이론을 통한 한국이민정책 분석:Gary. P. Freeman의 이민정책이론을 중심으로

Abstract

This study applied immigration policy theory to examine the characteristics and direction of Korean immigration policy. To this end, Gary P. Freeman's immigration policy theory was utilized. The theoretical approach to analyzing how Korean immigration policy is formed and determined is as follows. First, the analysis found that Korean immigration policy is structured around clientelism, with employers in small and medium-sized enterprises, rural communities, and the construction industry exerting influence on immigration policy decisions. Second, while the public is interested in immigration policy, their opinions are fragmented and unorganized, resulting in minimal involvement in actual policy decisions. Third, while Korean immigration policy embraces and promotes multiculturalism and human rights, it adheres to the national policy of the Korean people, resulting in limited implementation of policies for the long-term stay and settlement of foreign workers. While the government has facilitated the influx of foreign workers without resistance due to stakeholder demands, the fragmented implementation of immigration policy fails to adequately address the social integration conflicts between foreigners and Koreans. Based on Freeman's immigration policy theory and examining the characteristics of Korean immigration policy, we propose several recommendations to enhance its effectiveness and sustainability. First, a stakeholder-based immigration policy consultative body should be introduced. Second, the Ministry of the Interior and Safety should regularly publish and publicly disclose immigration policy impact assessments. Third, we must institutionalize a system that allows employers in each industry to provide foreign workers with Korean language training opportunities, housing support, and community connections.