근대 중국 불교 사상의 세 경향: 개혁, 보수와 급진을 중심으로

Abstract

This paper divided the aspects of Buddhism in modern China into three categories: pioneering roles, conservatism and rapidity, and discussed the arguments, methods and practices of representative thinkers, respectively. Against the background of this discussion theory, we present a research method with an inherent approach to the characteristics of traditional Chinese Buddhism and generally accepted concepts of the history and cultural nature of modern Buddhist research methods. Various contents and methods of self-examination of traditional Buddhism and the revival of Buddhism were explored by Yang Mun-hoe as the content and method of pioneering modern Buddhism. A "moderate" transformation has been sought and implemented in the education and training of Buddhist monks, the maintenance and publication of scriptures, and the maintenance of churches and Buddhist properties. Taehe, a conservative position, put emphasis on institutionalization of Buddhism and attempted to integrate Jeongto-jong’s middle poems with his Confucian studies as a method of modern Buddhism that compromised traditional Buddhism. In particular, he advocated life Buddhism by organizing his realization in the hope of the arrival of the world of the present world. Also, a more radical way was proposed by Guyang Gyeongmu and Insooni to deem Buddhism as an element of philosophy or culture, not a religion. In other words, the position that the Chinese heritage is used properly in modern times as one of the symbols of enlightenment has emerged. The conclusions are threefold: First, traditional Chinese Buddhism was required to be typical in modern times due to its demand for internal change and factors in external history. Second, the conservative stance of modern Buddhist reformers sets the direction of Buddhism with the traditional nature of Buddhism: Chamsun and Yusik Gyumyong after modern times. Third, radical Buddhist reformists tend to take Buddhism as part of Chinese culture mainly in the study of philosophy thought and scripture-oriented methods.