인적요인을 고려한 연안해역 위험도 평가모델 비교․분석
Comparison and Analysis on Risk Assessment Models of Coastal Waters considering Human Factors
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초록
국제기구에서 제시해 온 해양사고 예방대책은 주로 선박의 구조 및 복원성 강화, 선원의 교육․훈련, 해상교통환경 개선에 중점을 둔 것이었다. 해양사고통계를 분석한 결과, 사고는 주로 연안해역에서 인적요인에 의해 발생하였다. 이에 기존의 사고예방대책들이 통계분석결과에 호응하는지 검토하기 위해 사고조사기법인 SHELL모델에 대입하였다. 결과적으로 연안해역에서 인간과실을 방지하기 위해서는 선박운항자와 항행여건 사이의 상호작용에 대한 인간공학적 접근이 필요함이 도출되었다. 이를 위해 인간의 의사결정 메커니즘으로써 라스무센의 SRK 피라미드, 사고로 표현된 해상운송시스템의 붕괴에 관한 미국 연안경비대 등의 조사 지침서, 그리고 위험성평가모델인 IWRAP, PAWSA, ES모델, PARK모델과 NURI모델의 장단점을 검토하였다. 그 결과, 비록 기존의 위험성 평가모델은 항만이나 접근수로에서 유효성이 인정되었다고 하나 연안해역에서는 보완이 필요하며, 선박운항자가 직관적으로 해역의 상대적 위험도를 인식할 수 있도록 위험표시도를 발간할 필요가 있으며 이를 위해 선박운항자가 느끼는 정성적 위험도를 정량적으로 표시하기 위한 새로운 한국형 모델의 개발 필요성을 제안하였다.
Abstract
For the prevention of marine casualties, international bodies have mainly focused on strengthening ship's stability and design, maritime education and training, and improving maritime traffic environment. Statistics analysis on marine casualties showed that most of casualties occurred in coastal waters, especially by human elements. In order to review the conformity of existing prevention measures with the result of the statistics analysis, the IMO's SHELL model was applied to the established measures. As a result, ergonomic approaches were needed for the prevention of human errors in coastal waters, so that the priority should be given to the interface between ship's operator and navigational environment. For this study, Rasmussen's SRK pyramid, which showed decision making mechanism of human, and the US Coast Guard's investigation manual on marine casualties concerning the collapse of safe maritime transportation system were reviewed, and the merits and demerits within the risk assessment tools such as IWRAP, PAWSA, ES model, PARK model, and NURI model were also studied. Although the effectiveness of the existing risk assessment models was proved in ports and approaching channels, it is concluded that the need of new models for converting Korean seafarers' qualitative risk to quantitative risk was proposed so as to print hazard maps which make seafarers instinctively recognize comparative hazard levels of coastal waters.
참고문헌 (16)
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