“NP1把NP2一V”句式的句法、语义、语篇特征考察
A Study of the Syntactic, Semantic and Discourse Features of the ‘NP1 ba(把) NP2 yi(一) V’ Construction
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초록
“把”字句是汉语里一类特有的结构，虽然有关“把”字句的研究层出不穷，但是学 界对“NP1把NP2一V”结构的关注却较少。本研究旨在从句法、语义及语篇三个层面对 “NP1把NP2一V”结构进行系统分析，考察这一结构中NP1、NP2、V的句法与语义特 征，分析“NP1把NP2一V”的语篇特征，并揭示“一”在该结构中的语篇功能。通过对 BCC语料库大量用例进行考察本文发现，NP1是施事，具有[+有生]的特点，NP2多为 光杆形式的身体部位名词和具体事物名词，此外还有部分人称代词的用例。整个结构 的核心成分“V”绝大多数都是单音节动词，且这些动词具有动态性强、自主性强、及物 性高的特征，弱持续、非持续与结束类情状类型的动词使用频率最高。“NP1把NP2一 V”一般必须接后续小句，与后续小句形成语篇上的顺承、因果、条件等语义关系， NP1主要起话题推进作用。该句式中的“一”表示一个短暂的动作及变化的完成，这种 完成要么引起后续的一连串其他动作，要么导致其他新的动作或变化的出现。本文的 研究将有助于加深我们对“把”字句的理解。
Abstract
The “ba”-construction is a unique syntactic structure in Chinese. Although extensive research has been conducted on “ba”-constructions, relatively little academic attention has been paid to the specific structure “NP1 ba NP2 yi V(NP1把NP2一V)”. This study aims to systematically investigate the structure from three perspectives: syntax, semantics, and discourse. It analyzes the syntactic and semantic features of NP1, NP2, and V within the structure, examines its discourse characteristics, and reveals the syntactic function of “yi (一)” in this construction. Based on a large number of examples from the BCC corpus, our findings show that NP1 typically serves as the agent and is characterized by [+animate] features. NP2 is often a bare noun referring to body parts or concrete objects; in some cases, it may also be a personal pronoun. The core component of the structure, the verb (V), is predominantly monosyllabic and exhibits strong dynamicity, high agentivity, and transitivity. Verbs indicating weak durative or non-durative eventualities occur with the highest frequency. The “NP1 ba NP2 yi V” structure usually requires a following clause, forming semantic relationships such as sequence, causality, or conditionality with it, while NP1 primarily functions to advance the discourse topic. The element “yi(一)” indicates that a brief action or change has occurred or been completed. This completion or occurrence often triggers a series of subsequent actions or leads to the emergence of new actions or changes. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the “ba”-construction in Chinese.