주짓수와 탭의 윤리성
The Ethics of Jiu-jitsu and the Tap
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초록
브라질리언 주짓수(BJJ)는 지난 20년간 엄청난 인기를 얻으며 MMA와 UFC의 확장을 주도해왔다. 이 연구의 목적은 규범적 측면에서 브라질리언 주짓수가 스포츠로 정당화될 수 있는지 그 여부를 비판적으로 검토하고 주짓수의 도덕적 근간을 제시하는 데 있다. 이러한 연구의 목적을 위해 온정주의, 자율성, 위해원칙과 같은 윤리적 개념을 고찰하고 BJJ의 도덕적 평가에 적용하였다. 또한 선제적 온정주의의 개념을 토대로 권투와 종합격투기(MMA)의 본질적인 부도덕성을 주장한 딕슨(Dixon)의 저명한 문헌들을 고찰함으로써 규범적 측면에서 BJJ의 평가에 관한 핵심 쟁점을 도출하였다. 본고는 ‘탭 아웃’ 개념이 스포츠로서 BJJ의 안전성과 도덕성을 지지하는 근간이 될 수 있음을 주장하였다. BJJ를 도덕적으로 평가하기 위해서는 이것이 생산하는 내재적 가치 자체가 도덕적으로 결함이 있는지 그 여부를 검토해야 한다. 이 논문에서 주장하는 BJJ에서의 탭의 역할과 벨트에 따른 수준별 대결 방식이 BJJ의 도덕성을 전적으로 변호해주지는 않지만, 이 종목이 본질적으로 부도덕하다는 주장에는 그 근거의 논리적 결함이 있음을 규명하였다.
Abstract
Brasilian jiu-jitsu has found tremendous popularity in the last 20 years, driving the expansion of MMA and the UFC. The purpose of this study is to determine whether Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) is ethically justifiable through a literature review. Literature on Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), boxing ethics, and ethical concepts such as paternalism, autonomy, and the Harm Principle were examined and applied to the morality of BJJ. Dixon’s prominent literature regarding his concept of preemptive paternalism and his arguments regarding the intrinsic immorality of boxing and MMA were also reviewed for this study. This literature review found the concept of ‘the tap out’ to be a pillar for the intrinsic morality of participation in BJJ. The clear hierarchy of belt levels in BJJ can be considered paternalistic as it provides a clear delineation of skill through a protective framework of acceptable movements participants are ethically obligated to follow. In conclusion, BJJ is an innately moral activity due to “the tap out”, hierarchy of belts, and the continued autonomy which practitioners can expect through long-term training.
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