Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of different parts of rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) compared with da huang root (R. officinale)
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Rhubarb is known as “da huang” (Rheum officinale) in Asia. Its root is used in traditional remedies, particularly in Korea and China. In the West, rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) stalk is used as a vegetable, but its beneficial properties are not known. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of R. rhabarbarum (“edible rhubarb”), while R. officinale (“da huang”) roots were used as control. For analysis, 200 mg of freeze-dried powder from different plant parts (leaf, stalk, and root of R. rhabarbarum, and root of R. officinale) were extracted with 50 mL of 70% EtOH for 24 h and condensed using vacuum evaporator. The antioxidant properties of the extracts were evaluated using ABTS assay. Edible rhubarb root extract showed strong ABTS+ free radical scavenging activity, which was equal to that of da uuang root extract (20 mg/mL). However, the antioxidant activity of the leaf extract was higher than that of the stalk extract. The anti-inflammatory effect was determined using nitric oxide (NO) assay with LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. NO production by activated macrophages significantly decreased with an increasing concentration of extracts of the different edible rhubarb parts and da huang roots. Cell toxicity was determined using MTS assay. The extracts were not significantly toxic to RAW 264.7 cells. These findings confirm that edible rhubarb extracts have beneficial properties, but further research is required to assess its potential as a functional material, for example, a natural component of anti-inflammatory medicine.
Abstract
Rhubarb is known as “da huang” (Rheum officinale) in Asia. Its root is used in traditional remedies, particularly in Korea and China. In the West, rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) stalk is used as a vegetable, but its beneficial properties are not known. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of R. rhabarbarum (“edible rhubarb”), while R. officinale (“da huang”) roots were used as control. For analysis, 200 mg of freeze-dried powder from different plant parts (leaf, stalk, and root of R. rhabarbarum, and root of R. officinale) were extracted with 50 mL of 70% EtOH for 24 h and condensed using vacuum evaporator. The antioxidant properties of the extracts were evaluated using ABTS assay. Edible rhubarb root extract showed strong ABTS+ free radical scavenging activity, which was equal to that of da uuang root extract (20 mg/mL). However, the antioxidant activity of the leaf extract was higher than that of the stalk extract. The anti-inflammatory effect was determined using nitric oxide (NO) assay with LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. NO production by activated macrophages significantly decreased with an increasing concentration of extracts of the different edible rhubarb parts and da huang roots. Cell toxicity was determined using MTS assay. The extracts were not significantly toxic to RAW 264.7 cells. These findings confirm that edible rhubarb extracts have beneficial properties, but further research is required to assess its potential as a functional material, for example, a natural component of anti-inflammatory medicine.
참고문헌 (39)
- Aichner D, "Analysis of anthraquinones in rhubarb(Rheum palmatum and Rheum officinale)by supercritical fluid chromatography", Talanta, 144, pp.1239~1244 (2015)
- Aruoma OI, "Free radicals, oxidative stress, and antioxidants in human health and disease", J Am Oil Chem Soc, 75, pp.199~212 (1998)
- Assmann TS, "Nitric oxide levels in patients with diabetes mellitus : A systematic review and meta-analysis", Nitric Oxide, 61, pp.1~9 (2016)
- Brne B, "Nitric oxide, oxidative stress, and apoptosis", Kidney Int, 63, pp.S22~S24 (2003)
- Cai Y, "Antioxidant phenolic constituents in roots of Rheum officinale and Rubia cordifolia : Structure-radical scavenging activity relationships", J Agric Food Chem, 52, pp.7884~7890 (2004)
- Caputa G, "Macrophage metabolism : A wound-healing perspective", Immunol Cell Biol, 97, pp.268~278 (2019)
- Charde M, "Herbal remedies as antioxidants : An overview", Int J Pharmacol Res, 1, pp.25~34 (2012)
- Cheng J, "Role of cyclooxygenase-2 in gastric cancer development and progression", World J Gastroenterol, 19, pp.7361~7368 (2013)
- Choi RJ, "Desoxyrhapontigenin, a potent anti-inflammatory phytochemical, inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses via suppressing NF-B and MAPK pathways in RAW 264. 7 cells", Int Immunopharmacol, 18, pp.182~190 (2014)
- Clementi EM, "Bioactive Foods in Promoting Health: Fruits and Vegetables", pp.407~423 (2010), Academic Press
- Day BJ, "Catalase and glutathione peroxidase mimics", Biochem Pharmacol, 77, pp.285~296 (2009)
- Elsehemy A, "Nitric oxide signaling in human ovarian cancer : A potential therapeutic target", Nitric Oxide, 54, pp.30~37 (2016)
- Forstermann U, "Nitric oxide and oxidative stress in vascular disease", Eur J Physiol, 459, pp.923~939 (2010)
- Huang Q, "Anti-cancer properties of anthraquinones from rhubarb", Med Res Rev, 27, pp.609~630 (2007)
- Khattak AK, "General overview of phytochemistry and pharmacological potential of Rheum palmatum(Chinese rhubarb)", Innovare J Ayuvedic Sci, 8, pp.1~5 (2020)
- 김동희, "대식세포 내에서의 홍화자 추출물의 항염증 활성", 생명과학회지, 23(1), pp.55~62 (2013), 한국생명과학회[DOI]
- Komatsu K, "Comparative study of chemical constituents of rhubarb from different origins", Chem Pharm Bull, 54, pp.1491~1499 (2006)
- 이호현, "정확하고 일관된 ABTS Assay에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인 평가", 한국식품영양과학회지, 48(3), pp.390~393 (2019), 한국식품영양과학회
- Li A, "Flora of China", pp.277~350 (2003), Missouri Botanical Garden Press
- Li X, "Neuroprotective effects of anthraquinones from rhubarb in central nervous system disease", Evid Based Complementary Altern Med, 2019, pp.1~12 (2019)
- Liou GY, "Reactive oxygen species in cancer", Free Radic Res, 44, pp.479~496 (2010)
- Lordan R, "The Impact of Nutrition and Statins on Cardiovascular Diseases", pp.23~51 (2019), Academic Press
- Lu C, "Antibacterial properties of anthraquinones extracted from rhubarb against Aeromonas hydrophila", Fish Sci, 77, pp.375~384 (2011)
- Lu K, "Rhubarb extract has a protective role against radiation-induced brain injury and neuronal cell apoptosis", Mol Med Rep, 12, pp.2689~2694 (2015)
- Ozturk M, "Antioxidant activity of stem and root extracts of Rhubarb(Rheum ribes) : An edible medicinal plant", Food Chem, 103, pp.623~630 (2007)
- Posadas I, "Co-regulation between cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in the time-course of murine inflammation", Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol Pharmacol, 361, pp.98~106 (2000)
- Pucher GW, "The organic acids of rhubarb(Rheum hybridum) : III. The behavior of the organic acids during culture of excised leaves", J Biol Chem, 126, pp.43~54 (1938)
- Pussa T, "Polyphenolic composition of roots and petioles of Rheum rhaponticum L", Phytochem Anal, 20, pp.98~103 (2009)
- Qian BZ, "Macrophage diversity enhances tumor progression and metastasis", Cell, 141, pp.39~51 (2010)
- Raudsepp P, "The antioxidative and antimicrobial properties of the blue honeysuckle(Lonicera caerulea L.), Siberian rhubarb(Rheum rhaponticum L.)and some other plants, compared to ascorbic acid and sodium nitrite", Food Control, 31, pp.129~135 (2013)
- Rosenfeld R, "Nitric oxide synthases in motion", Nitric Oxide, 27, pp.S25~ (2012)
- Sharma JN, "Role of nitric oxide in inflammatory diseases", Inflammopharmacology, 15, pp.252~529 (2007)
- St Pierre BA, "Differential response of macrophage subpopulations to soleus muscle reloading after hindlimb suppression", J Appl Physiol, 77, pp.290~297 (1994)
- Takeoka GR, "Antioxidant activity, phenolic and anthocyanin contents of various rhubarb(Rheum spp. )varieties", Int J Food Sci Technol, 48, pp.172~178 (2012)
- Tang T, "Emodin, an anthraquinone derivative from Rheum officinale Baill, enhances cutaneous wound healing in rats", Eur J Pharmacol, 567, pp.177~185 (2007)
- Valko M, "Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer", Chem Biol Interact, 160, pp.1~40 (2006)
- Wang A, "Molecular phylogeny, recent radiation and evolution of gross morphology of the rhubarb genus Rheum (Polygonaceae) inferred from chloroplast DNA trnL-F sequences", Ann Bot, 96, pp.489~498 (2005)
- Wang Y, "Rhein and rhubarb similarly protect the blood-brain barrier after experimental traumatic brain injury via gp91phox subunit of NADPH oxidase", ROS, MMP-9 signaling pathway, pp.Sci Rep, 2016[DOI]
- Zheng QX, "Review of rhubarbs : Chemistry and pharmacology", Chin Herb Med, 5, pp.9~32 (2013)