오르프의 음악교육론: 루소의 자연주의 음악의 현대적 계승

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to understand the music education doctrine of Carl Orff in a view of modern inheritance of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s the natural music education doctrine. Orff is an acknowledged 20th century’s German music educator. Orff’s influential teaching approach has still been researched around the world, including United States, Asia, and Europe, as well as implemented in the field of education. Orff’s teaching approach has opened a new era for music education with a method never been used before. That is the reason Orff’s music education is widely studied beyond his time. Orff suggested the music education for children with detailed ideas and implemented child-centered music education. Orff’s education is influenced by Rousseau’s child-centered approach and has a foundation of the naturalism. The purpose of Rousseau’s education is to raise a natural human being by promoting a child’s natural abilities, which is the basic of the doctrine. Also, Rousseau’s music education is deeply involved with this view of nature which is its origin. The pursuit of nature-congruent music education is about seeking a simple and natural life in compliance with the laws of nature. This perspective is presented well on Rousseau’s educational view of music which is about a simple melody, sensory training, musical expression from inside, respect for creativity, and discovery of a self-song. Orff’s music education has a foundation of naturalism, called ‘Elementary music'. It says: music has to be simple and easy so that every child plays and enjoys; also, music education should be complied with the laws of nature to meet the developmental stages of their own; children need to discover and develop their own world of music; music classes should be the time to learn the true fun of it, not to learn music for a study; this can inspire children’s own creative musicality; music activity does not necessarily require musical talent to be a subject of music. It shows that Orff’s music education has been understood and implemented in same terms of Rousseau’s. Understanding Orff’s doctrine is helpful to learn the implications of how to practice child-centered music education.