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직장인의 회복 역설: 방해 스트레스 요인과 심리적 분리 간의 매개 기제 검증

Recovery paradox of employees: The investigation of psychological mechanism between hindrance job stressors and psychological detachmen

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초록

본 연구는 직무 스트레스 수준이 높을수록 더 큰 회복이 필요함에도 불구하고, 반대의 결과가 나타나는 회복 역설 현상(Sonnentag, 2018)과 그 기제를 검증하기 위해 직무 스트레스 요인과 주요 회복 증진 과정인 심리적 분리 간의 관계를 조사하였다. 구체적으로, 직무 스트레스 요인을 도전(업무 부하)과 방해(역할 갈등) 요인으로 구분하여, 스트레스 요인의 유형에 따라 심리적 분리에 차별적인 효과가 나타나는지를 확인하였다. 또한, 회복 역설의 기제를 설명하는 부적 활성화 가설과 에너지 자원 고갈 가설을 바탕으로 두 가지 매개변인(부적 정서, 에너지 자원 고갈)의 효과를 각각 검증하였다. 직장인 94명으로부터 주중 퇴근 무렵에 직무 스트레스 요인과 매개변인을, 다음 날 아침에 심리적 분리를 측정하는 방식으로 일일 조사 자료를 수집하였다. 다층경로모형을 적용하여 자료를 분석한 결과, 두 가지 유형의 직무 스트레스 요인 중 업무 부하는 회복 증진 과정에 부적인 영향을 미쳤다. 방해 스트레스 요인인 역할 갈등과 심리적 분리 간의 관계에서는 부적 정서의 매개 효과만 유의하였고, 에너지 자원 고갈의 매개 효과는 유의하지 않았다. 논의에서는 회복 역설 현상을 설명하는 데 있어 활성화된 부적 정서가 갖는 의미와 현장 시사점을 논의하였다.

Abstract

Recovery paradox (Sonnentag, 2018) shows the paradoxical results from job stress, even though the higher the level of job stress, the greater recovery is required. The current study explores the relationship between job stressors and psychological detachment as a recovery-enhancing process to examine the paradoxical phenomenon. It specifically examined whether there was a differential impact on psychological detachment depending on the type of job stressors (challenge, hindrance). Additionally, the effects of the two mediators were investigated based on the negative activation hypothesis and the energy resource depletion hypothesis. Ninety-four employees participated in a daily survey. As a result of multilevel path analysis, the workload had a detrimental impact on psychological detachment. Also, only the mediating effect of negative emotion was significant in the link between role conflict and psychological detachment; the mediating effect of energy resource depletion was not. The significance and practical implications of understanding the recovery paradox phenomenon and its mechanism are discussed.

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