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모리슨의 빌러비드를 통해 본 개인의 삶에 대한 공동체의 책임과 연대 의식

Responsibility and Interrelationality between the Individual and the Community in Toni Morrison’s Beloved

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This study focuses on how responsibility and interdependent relationships between the individual and the community are delineated in Toni Morrison’s Beloved. Morrison persistently describes how the black community is potentially responsible for Sethe’s crime of infanticide because of their irresponsible neglect to warn her of the approaching white slave-catchers. This tragedy transforms Sethe’s house at 124 into a house haunted by the ghost of her dead baby and more symbolically into a burial site for communal trauma and rememory. This paper discusses how the haunted individual and community can be remedied by embracing their fragmented bodies which have been traumatized by the violence of slavery. When Baby Suggs in the Clearing encourages the black community to accept and love their fragmented bodies as part of the individual’s and the community’s freed subjectivities, the black fragmented bodies do not only expose individual vulnerability but also provide a foundation for communal bonding. The image of communal bonding is epitomized when a group of 30 black women claims their fragmented bodies as a site of resistance and sings a powerful requiem that grieves for the un-remembered, ignored black slaves who were denied their life’s worth under the institution of slavery

Abstract

This study focuses on how responsibility and interdependent relationships between the individual and the community are delineated in Toni Morrison’s Beloved. Morrison persistently describes how the black community is potentially responsible for Sethe’s crime of infanticide because of their irresponsible neglect to warn her of the approaching white slave-catchers. This tragedy transforms Sethe’s house at 124 into a house haunted by the ghost of her dead baby and more symbolically into a burial site for communal trauma and rememory. This paper discusses how the haunted individual and community can be remedied by embracing their fragmented bodies which have been traumatized by the violence of slavery. When Baby Suggs in the Clearing encourages the black community to accept and love their fragmented bodies as part of the individual’s and the community’s freed subjectivities, the black fragmented bodies do not only expose individual vulnerability but also provide a foundation for communal bonding. The image of communal bonding is epitomized when a group of 30 black women claims their fragmented bodies as a site of resistance and sings a powerful requiem that grieves for the un-remembered, ignored black slaves who were denied their life’s worth under the institution of slavery

참고문헌 (25)

  1. Andrews, William L., "Toni Morrison’s Beloved:A Casebook" (1999), Oxford UP
  2. Angelo, Bonnie, "The Pain of Being Black: An Interview with Toni Morrison", pp.255~261
  3. Bowers, Susan, "Beloved and the New Apocalypse", Journal of Ethnic Studies, 18(1), pp.59~77 (1990)[DOI]
  4. Darling, Marsha, "In the Realm of Responsibility: A Conversation with Toni Morrison", pp.246~254
  5. Davis, Angela Y., "Women, Race, and Class" (1981), Random House
  6. Ferguson, Rebecca, "Feminist Criticism: Theory and Practice", pp.109~127 (1991), Harvester Wheatsheaf
  7. Heinze, Denise, "Beloved and the Tyranny of the Double. The Dilemma of “Double-Consciousness: Toni Morrison’s Novels" (1993), U of Georgia P
  8. Henderson, Mae G., "Toni Morrison’s Beloved: Re-membering the Body as Historical Text", pp.79~106
  9. Horvitz, Deborah, "Narrative Ghosts: Possession and Depossession in Beloved", Studies in American Fiction, 17, pp.157~167 (1989)
  10. House, Elizabeth, "Toni Morrison’s Ghost: The Beloved Who is Not Beloved", Studies in American Fiction, 18, pp.17~26 (1990)
  11. Jessee, Sharon, "Memory, Narrative, and Identity:New Essays in Ethnic American Literatures", pp.198~211 (1994), Northeastern UP
  12. Krumholz, Linda, "The Ghosts of Slavery Historical Recovery in Toni Morrison’s Beloved", pp.107~126
  13. Mitchell, Angelyn, "Surviving the Pandemic: Necessary Lessons from Morrison’s Beloved", CLA Journal, 63(2), pp.152~126 (2020)[DOI]
  14. Morrison, Toni, "Beloved" (1987), Vintage
  15. Morrison, Toni, "The Bluest Eye" (1970), Plum
  16. Palladino, Mariangela, "Ethics and Aesthetics in Toni Morrison’s Fiction", pp.133~150 (2018), Brill
  17. 박지은, "Patchwork Memories of the Past in Beloved", 영어영문학연구, 60(2), pp.41~60 (2018), 한국중앙영어영문학회[DOI]
  18. Powell, Betty Jane, "‘will the parts hold?’: The Journey Toward a Coherent Self in Beloved", Colby Quarterly, 31(2), pp.105~113 (1995)[DOI]
  19. Rushdy, Ashraf H. A., "Daughters Signifyin(g) History: The Example of Toni Morrison’s Beloved", American Literature, 64, pp.567~597 (1992)
  20. Smalley, Matthew, "The Unchurched Preacher and the Circulated Sermon: Literary Preaching in Toni Morrison’s Beloved", MELUS, 43(2), pp.29~52 (2018)[DOI]
  21. Taylor-Guthrie, Danille, "Conversations with Toni Morrison" (1994), UP of Mississippi
  22. White, Deborah Gray, "Ar’n’t I a Woman?: Female Slaves in the Plantation South" (1985), Norton
  23. Willett, Cynthia, "The Soul of Justice: Social Bonds and Racial Hubris", pp.203~225 (2001), Cornell UP
  24. Wyatt, Jean, "Giving Body to the Word: The Maternal Symbolic in Toni Morrison’s Beloved", PMLA, 108, pp.473~488 (1993)
  25. Zamalin, Alex, "Beloved Citizens: Toni Morrison’s Beloved, Racial Inequality, and American Public Policy", WSQ: Women’s Studies Quarterly, 42(1), pp.205~211 (2014)[DOI]

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