식품정보표시제도 강화에 따른 규제비용의 일반균형효과 분석
General Equilibrium Analysis of Regulation Cost Derived from Reinforced Food Information Labelling System
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초록
본 연구는 식품정보표시제도 강화가 식품산업 및 관련 산업과 소비자 후생 및 GDP에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 연산가능일반균형모형을 이용하여 분석함을 목적으로 한다. 식품정보표시제도 도입에 따른 해당산업의 직접적인 원가 상승이나 정보제공에 따른 소비자 편익 증가에 대한 연구들은 많으나 원가 상승에 따른 일반균형효과를 분석한 논문은 거의 없는 것으로 보인다. 식품정보표시제 강화에 따른 생산원가 상승에 관한 자료에 기초하여 투입비 구조에 외생적 충격을 가했을 때, 아이스크림과 인삼, 육가공품의 산출이 다른 식품산업에 비해 상대적으로 가장 많이 감소한 반면, 포장재, 수송, 서비스 등의 관련 산업 생산은 증가하였다. GDP와 물가는 거의 영향을 받지 않았고, 소비자 후생은 213~1,187억 원 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 식품산업의 원가상승이 소비자 가격상승을 통해 소비자에게 전가되었으며, 포장, 수송, 서비스 산업에 대한 수요 증가로 인해 GDP에는 거의 영향이 없음을 보여주었다. 정책 당국에서는 식품정보표시제를 강화하는 규제를 도입하고자 할 때 소비자의 정보편익과 규제비용을 동시에 고려하여야 할 것이다.
Abstract
This study aims at investigating how fortified food information labelling system (FILS) may affect output and demand of food and relevant sectors, consumer welfare, and GDP employing a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Although there are a number of studies on direct cost analysis on food due to the FILS or consumer gains from improved information on food, studies on a CGE approach on FILS have not been found frequently. When external shocks which reflect increases in production costs due to the FILS are imposed on input cost structure of food sectors, simulation results show that output of ice cream, Ginseng, and meat processing sectors declined the most relative to other food sectors, while that of labeling, packaging, transport, and service sectors incremented slightly. GDP and consumer price index were barely affected, but consumer welfare diminished considerably by 21.3~118.7 billion Korean won. Hence the simulation outcome shows that cost increases due to the FILS was transferred to consumer mostly. Consequently, the regulatory agent who considers to introduce a FILS should take accont of not only regulation costs but also consumer information gains.
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