영어파생어에서의 제2강세 재고: 음운론적 요인과 비음운론적 요인에 대하여
A Reconsideration of Secondary Stress in English Derivatives
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper examines the stress preservation and stress shift observed in English derivatives and investigates the effects of phonological and non-phonological factors. Through a thorough investigation of -Xion derivatives, a processing factor of word frequency and a phonological factor of syllable configuration are proved to play some probabilistic role interactively. With respect to word frequency, lower-frequency words are processed into separate units, which tends to encourage stress preservation. On the other hand, higher-frequency words are perceived as one tight unit like monomorphemic words, which discourages stress preservation. Whether a stem stress is preserved is also determined by the quality of the pretonic syllable: pretonic obstruent-final syllables regularly preserve stress of their stems (strong preservation), vowel-final pretonic stem syllables contribute to weak preservation, and sonorant-finals in-between. Stress shift escapes stress-clash, resulting in a foot form improvement from a marked foot form into a less marked one depending on the foot form harmony scale.
Abstract
This paper examines the stress preservation and stress shift observed in English derivatives and investigates the effects of phonological and non-phonological factors. Through a thorough investigation of -Xion derivatives, a processing factor of word frequency and a phonological factor of syllable configuration are proved to play some probabilistic role interactively. With respect to word frequency, lower-frequency words are processed into separate units, which tends to encourage stress preservation. On the other hand, higher-frequency words are perceived as one tight unit like monomorphemic words, which discourages stress preservation. Whether a stem stress is preserved is also determined by the quality of the pretonic syllable: pretonic obstruent-final syllables regularly preserve stress of their stems (strong preservation), vowel-final pretonic stem syllables contribute to weak preservation, and sonorant-finals in-between. Stress shift escapes stress-clash, resulting in a foot form improvement from a marked foot form into a less marked one depending on the foot form harmony scale.
참고문헌 (20)
- Aronoff, M, "Word Formation in Generative Grammar" (1976), MIT Press
- Chomsky, N., "The Sound Pattern of English" (1968), Harper and Row
- Clark, L., "Exploring the Role of Token Frequency in Phonological Change: Evidence from TH-Fronting in East-Central Scotland", English Language and Linguistics, 13(1), pp.33~55 (2009)
- Dinkin, A, "The Real Effect of Word Frequency on Phonetic Variation", University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics, 13(2), pp.109~119 (2008)
- Halle, M., "An Essay on Stress" (1987), MIT Press
- Hay, J, "From Speech Perception to Morphology: Affix Ordering Revisited", Language, 78, pp.527~555 (2002)
- Hay, J., "What Constrains Possible Suffix Combinations? On the Interaction of Grammatical and Processing Restrictions in Derivational Morphology", Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 22, pp.565~596 (2004)
- Hwangbo, Y-S, "Lengthening and shortening in English", 박사, pp.1997
- Kager, R, "A Metrical Theory of Stress and Destressing in English and Dutch" (1989), Foris Publications
- Kenyon, J. S., "A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English" (1944), Merriam
- 김진형, "A Reconsideration of Asymmetries of Bracketing Paradoxes in English Derivation: a Corpus-based Approach", 영어영문학, 55(3), pp.475~495 (2009), 한국영어영문학회
- Pater, J, "Non-uniformity in English Secondary Stress: the Role of Ranked and Lexically Specific Constraints", Phonology, 17, pp.237~274 (2000)
- Plag, I, "Selectional Restrictions in English Suffixation Revisited: A Reply to Fabb(1988)", Linguistics, 34(4), pp.769~798 (1988)
- Plag, I., "Suffix Ordering and Morphological Processing", Language, 85, pp.109~152 (2009)
- Prince, A, "Quantitative Consequences of Rhythmic Organization", CLS, 26, pp.355~398 (1990)
- Schane, S, "Understanding English Word Accentuation", Language Sciences, 29, pp.372~384 (2007)
- Siegel, D, "Topics in English Morphology" (1974), MIT
- "The CMU Pronouncing Dictionary"[URL]
- Webster, N, "Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language" (1988), Merriam
- Zipf, G. K, "The Psycho-Biology of Language: An Introduction to Dynamic Phonology" (1965), MIT