‘-기는’ 구문의 문법화
On grammaticalization of ‘-kinun’ construction in Korean
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This paper investigates the grammaticalization processes of the ‘-kinun’ construction, which underwent a series of intriguing development. The journey of the emergence of diverse functions begins from the construction’s original function of introducing a topic at the sentential or discourse level through nominalization, to the function of sentence final particles, signalling rebuttal, humility, and discontent, and further to that of the discourse marker that indexes the speaker’s affect, i.e. resignation. There are various concomitant changes along the grammaticalization paths: phonological reduction whereby phonological substance is gradually eroded; constructionalization at the syntagma, as illustrated by such extensions as ‘xkinun/kin x-’, ‘xkinun/kin ha-’, and ‘hakinun/hakin’; and structural changes as the forms are subjected to rhetorical manipulation. The consequence of these changes is the emergence of diverse functions that form semantico-functional networks. From the perspective of linguistic domains, the changes can be conceptualized as one where the diverse forms that constitute constructions proceed from the textual domain, to the subjectificational domain, and further to the interpersonal domain, of which the last stage is characterized by their prominent functions of marking the speaker’s stance. The holistic picture of the linguistic change associated with ‘-kinun’ and its derivative constructions is an exemplar par excellence of the polygrammaticalization that cuts across the particle domain, the predicate domain and the sentence-ending domain.
Abstract
This paper investigates the grammaticalization processes of the ‘-kinun’ construction, which underwent a series of intriguing development. The journey of the emergence of diverse functions begins from the construction’s original function of introducing a topic at the sentential or discourse level through nominalization, to the function of sentence final particles, signalling rebuttal, humility, and discontent, and further to that of the discourse marker that indexes the speaker’s affect, i.e. resignation. There are various concomitant changes along the grammaticalization paths: phonological reduction whereby phonological substance is gradually eroded; constructionalization at the syntagma, as illustrated by such extensions as ‘xkinun/kin x-’, ‘xkinun/kin ha-’, and ‘hakinun/hakin’; and structural changes as the forms are subjected to rhetorical manipulation. The consequence of these changes is the emergence of diverse functions that form semantico-functional networks. From the perspective of linguistic domains, the changes can be conceptualized as one where the diverse forms that constitute constructions proceed from the textual domain, to the subjectificational domain, and further to the interpersonal domain, of which the last stage is characterized by their prominent functions of marking the speaker’s stance. The holistic picture of the linguistic change associated with ‘-kinun’ and its derivative constructions is an exemplar par excellence of the polygrammaticalization that cuts across the particle domain, the predicate domain and the sentence-ending domain.
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