판옵티콘 권력에 대한 미혼모의 저항: 이창래의 『만조의 바다 위에서』와 포크너의 『팔월의 빛』의 여성 인물
Resistance against Panoptic Power: Unwed Mothers in Chang-Rae Lee’s On Such a Full Sea and William Faulkner’s Light in August
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On Such a Full Sea (2014) provides difficulties for readers to analyze the character of Fan because her story is told through the collective voice of Fan’s fellow B-Mor laborers with openly unreliable omniscience. Fan is often viewed as a passive character who has little power to change her dystopian world and is just trying to find her missing boyfriend (also the father of her unborn child). This paper analyzes Fan by comparing her with Lena Grove in Faulkner’s Light in August (1932), who is also often denigrated as a bovine earth mother or mythologized as an earth goddess. This study calls into question such views, because when Fan and Lena are viewed in tandem, they can be clearly seen to share a strong longing for freedom and agency to change their fate. As unwed mothers, Fan and Lena are doubly limited in their worlds. Possessing pregnant docile bodies, both of them are under the surveillance of the panoptic gaze and bio-power in the Foucauldian sense. They succeed in crossing the boundaries set by the panoptic bio-power by deliberately performing the role of women inscribed as in the cult of true womanhood (for Lena) or as in the model minority myth (for Fan). Their common primary goal, however, is not to find the beloved but to attain freedom to navigate in the world.
Abstract
On Such a Full Sea (2014) provides difficulties for readers to analyze the character of Fan because her story is told through the collective voice of Fan’s fellow B-Mor laborers with openly unreliable omniscience. Fan is often viewed as a passive character who has little power to change her dystopian world and is just trying to find her missing boyfriend (also the father of her unborn child). This paper analyzes Fan by comparing her with Lena Grove in Faulkner’s Light in August (1932), who is also often denigrated as a bovine earth mother or mythologized as an earth goddess. This study calls into question such views, because when Fan and Lena are viewed in tandem, they can be clearly seen to share a strong longing for freedom and agency to change their fate. As unwed mothers, Fan and Lena are doubly limited in their worlds. Possessing pregnant docile bodies, both of them are under the surveillance of the panoptic gaze and bio-power in the Foucauldian sense. They succeed in crossing the boundaries set by the panoptic bio-power by deliberately performing the role of women inscribed as in the cult of true womanhood (for Lena) or as in the model minority myth (for Fan). Their common primary goal, however, is not to find the beloved but to attain freedom to navigate in the world.
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