中國人 海外移住, 陰地에서 陽地로 : 第二次 中英戰爭期 外國招工章程의 性格

Abstract

In mid-nineteenth century, Chinese had Sinocentrism, they did not prefer to go abroad consciously or unconsciously. Furthermore, the law was so strict that it was hard to choose to go abroad. However, as the population exploded during the Emperor Qianlong period, the shortage of arable land and the rapid increase of unemployed people forced Chinese workers into go abroad, but large-scale migration did not happen easily. Meanwhile, the Opium War loosened the control of Qing Dynasty, and foreign merchants took advantage of the Chinese situation to operate a human trafficking-type migration project called Coolie-Trade. However, Great Britain, whose current account balance was deteriorating due to the rapid industrialization, needed the huge Chinese market, so they could not carry out illegal coolie trade because they were afraid of the Chinese turning their back on them. The Anglo-French Allied Forces, which occupied Guangzhou in the Second Opium War, pressured the Guangzhou government to legalize the coolie immigration. The result was 12 articles of Lao chong-guang's immigration regulation. This regulation was made under the influence of immigration rules that existed in Guangzhou, and the main point was to prevent human trafficking and not to prevent immigrants who wanted to leave the country. Lao chong-guang tried to eradicate human trafficking by using this regulation, and English planned a large-scale migration that would not make a bad impression on the Chinese. Lao chong-guang needed this regulation to keep the unwanted out, and English needed it to get the desired out, but each other's purpose was to eradicate human trafficking. Although there is no better realization of the coolie immigration through this regulation than coolie trade, and even if coolie trade has not been eradicated since the enactment of this regulation, it must have been the first law designed to stop coolie trade, which has had a significant impact on the flow of Chinese migration.