긍정심리학과 종교사회학의 접점
The Interface between Positive Psychology and the Sociology of Religion
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최근 들어 사회과학 공동체에서 심리학(특히 감사의 과학에 기초한 긍정심리학)과 사회학(특히 종교사회학의 새로운 패러다임)을 접합시키려는 관심이 상당히증가하고 있다. 보다 구체적으로, 1990년대 이래 종교(영성), 건강, 행복 간의관계를 밝히는 연구가 괄목할 정도로 늘어나고 있다. 긍정심리학은 1998년 마틴셀리그먼(Martin Seligman)에 의해서 새로운 심리학 분야로서 시작되었다. 긍정심리학자들은 감사하는 사람들이 한층 낙천적이고 활기차며 스트레스와 질병을잘 처리한다는 것을 밝혀내고 있다. 한편, 최근에 종교사회학계에서는 방법론적불가지론이 방법론적 무신론에 도전하고 있다. 방법론적 무신론은 종교적 체험이사회적으로 형성되는 것이라고 인식해 왔는데, 방법론적 불가지론은 종교적 체험이 사람들의 삶 속에서 어떤 효과를 자아낼 수 있는 지를 탐구한다. 윌리엄 제임스(William James)를 따라, 종교사회학의 새로운 패러다임은 사람들의 초월적(종교적) 체험에 관한 주장을 거부하기 보다는 일단 수용하는 방법론적 불가지론을 채택한다. 전통적인 신성한 경전을 갖고 있는 세계 종교들의 기초에 무엇보다도 감사가 공통적으로 자리 잡고 있는 것처럼, 오늘날 감사의 감정은 긍정심리학과 종교사회학 양 분야의 연구자들에게 새로운 연구 주제이다. 이 같은 인식을 바탕으로, 이 글의 마지막 부분에서는 앞으로 한국에서 두 분야가 협동하여 탐구할새로운 연구 분야를 몇 가지로 제안하였다.
Abstract
It seems that the growing interest in associating psychology(specifically positive psychology based on the science of gratitude) and sociology(specifically the new paradigm of sociology of religion) in the social scientific communities has become remarkable lately. Researches on the relationship between religion(spirituality), health and happiness have been multiplying from the 1990s. Since the founding of positive psychology by Martin Seligman in 1998, an introduction to a new area of psychology, positive psychologists are finding that grateful people are optimistic and energetic and better in dealing with stress and illness. Whereas recently, in the sociology of religion, methodological atheism has been challenged by methodological agnosticism; the former asserts religious experience as something socially constructed, while the latter examines the impact of religious experience on common people. Following William James' view of religion, the new paradigm in the sociology of religion adopts methodological agnosticism that admits people's testimonies of supernatural experience. Insofar as gratitude remains a common foundational segment of all the world religions with traditional sacred scriptures, the thankful emotion is a novel subject for researchers such as positive psychologists and sociologists of religion. The paper is an attempt to suggest untouched fields in need of collaborative research of the two disciplines in the Korean context.
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