금대 ‘서우망월’문 동경의 다양성과 지역성

Abstract

Two terms are commonly used to express ‘a cow is looking at the moon’ scene: ‘Rhinoceros looking at the moon(犀牛望月)’ and ‘Water buffalo gasping at the moon(吴牛喘月)’. A lot of poetry, potteries, craftworks were made on this topics. Noteworthy point is that these topics were widely used with various patterns in bronze mirrors, which is a kind of metal craft. The bronze mirrors mainly produced in Song and Jin period seems to be mass produced and distributed in China but it was rarely handed over outside China. In case of ‘Rhinoceros looking at the moon’ pattern bronze mirrors, because standardized name is not exists, it is called in many different names based on records or events related with cow. Among them, we can take ‘Rhinoceros looking at the moon’ for describing these bronze mirrors because it symbolizes ‘horned cow looking at the moon’. Although main patterns used in ‘Rhinoceros looking at the moon’ pattern bronze mirrors are cow, moon and constellation, the pattern displays tendency of diversification based on combination or deletion of other various designs. In this reason I analyzed the bronze mirrors based on its main designs. Also I discovered cultural and social situations of Jin period are reflected in each characteristic of classified bronze mirrors. I could classify bronze mirrors into Sanxi type and Jilin type after monitoring manufacturing time and place through ‘Rhinoceros looking at the moon’ bronze mirror’s inscriptions and engraving of metallic types(刻字) which only used in Jin Period. In case of Sanxi type, inscription lays along the circuit shaped border of bronze mirror. Most of Sanxi bronze mirrors were produced in MyungChang(明昌) period or during SeungAn(承安) period. Considering the records of production date is ‘Lantern Festival(上元日)’ and ‘Dragon Boat Festival(端午日)’, we can guess that the bronze mirrors was intentionally manufactured on particular date with the certain sense of purpose. With the discovery of office position at the inscription of bronze mirror produced in during SeungAn period was in charge of an area in Jin period, we can assume that district office responsible for the tax played main role in production of bronze mirrors.