Developing Entrepreneurship in North Korea: Investigating the Case of Choson Exchange (CE)
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Among the market economy education programs implemented in North Korea, the entrepreneurship education programs of Choson Exchange are considered the most successful. Choson Exchange’s success factors are summarized in one word ‘NNCR’ Strategy, which consists of ‘Neutral strategy,’ ‘Nomad strategy,’ ‘Customization strategy,’ ‘Reciprocity strategy.’ This study provides the following implications. First, the study indicates that entrepreneurship education in North Korea was in progress for more than ten years within the mutual trust between Choson Exchange and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Second, it provides researchers with primary content on entrepreneurship education in North Korea and insight into related research. Third, it helps policymakers and researchers understand the situation of entrepreneurship education in North Korea. Fourth, it gives an insight that explains multilateral cooperation in North Korea regarding the long-term development of the North Korean economy and inter-Korean economic cooperation. Finally, this study suggests that sustaining entrepreneurship education in North Korea is necessary for the mid-to-long-term, pluralistic, and mutually beneficial perspective.
Abstract
Among the market economy education programs implemented in North Korea, the entrepreneurship education programs of Choson Exchange are considered the most successful. Choson Exchange’s success factors are summarized in one word ‘NNCR’ Strategy, which consists of ‘Neutral strategy,’ ‘Nomad strategy,’ ‘Customization strategy,’ ‘Reciprocity strategy.’ This study provides the following implications. First, the study indicates that entrepreneurship education in North Korea was in progress for more than ten years within the mutual trust between Choson Exchange and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Second, it provides researchers with primary content on entrepreneurship education in North Korea and insight into related research. Third, it helps policymakers and researchers understand the situation of entrepreneurship education in North Korea. Fourth, it gives an insight that explains multilateral cooperation in North Korea regarding the long-term development of the North Korean economy and inter-Korean economic cooperation. Finally, this study suggests that sustaining entrepreneurship education in North Korea is necessary for the mid-to-long-term, pluralistic, and mutually beneficial perspective.
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