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Measuring the 'Entrepreneurial Spirit' of North Korean Defectors in South Korea: Development and Testing of a New Index

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By applying empirical research methods, a new survey index measuring the "Entrepreneurial Spirit Index" has been developed and tested among North Korean defectors residing in South Korea. By focusing on four commonly cited personality traits in entrepreneurship literature: opportunity-seizing, risk-attitude, innovativeness, and self-efficacy, the results indicate that the interviewees highly exhibited opportunity-seeking personalities and a strong risk attitude. However, their innovation skills and self-efficacy showed lower outcomes indicating a need for adjusted entrepreneurial education. A high 'entrepreneurial spirit' was negatively related to gender and seemed to correlate with education and occupation. To foster business growth and create positive effects for the defector community, we recommend using this index for identifying North Korean defectors with a high entrepreneurial spirit and providing entrepreneurial support according to their personality traits and needs. The index also serves as a tool to measure the entrepreneurial spirit of individuals regardless of location, national heritage, age, gender, or education, making it suitable for comparative analysis across borders.

Abstract

By applying empirical research methods, a new survey index measuring the "Entrepreneurial Spirit Index" has been developed and tested among North Korean defectors residing in South Korea. By focusing on four commonly cited personality traits in entrepreneurship literature: opportunity-seizing, risk-attitude, innovativeness, and self-efficacy, the results indicate that the interviewees highly exhibited opportunity-seeking personalities and a strong risk attitude. However, their innovation skills and self-efficacy showed lower outcomes indicating a need for adjusted entrepreneurial education. A high 'entrepreneurial spirit' was negatively related to gender and seemed to correlate with education and occupation. To foster business growth and create positive effects for the defector community, we recommend using this index for identifying North Korean defectors with a high entrepreneurial spirit and providing entrepreneurial support according to their personality traits and needs. The index also serves as a tool to measure the entrepreneurial spirit of individuals regardless of location, national heritage, age, gender, or education, making it suitable for comparative analysis across borders.

참고문헌 (39)

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