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배당정보효과에 나타난 이익특성과 환대산업의 이익지속성

The Earnings Persistence of Earnings Characters and Hospitality Industry Features in the Information Effect of Dividends

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초록

이익지속성을 다룬 여러 선행연구들이 손실기업의 지속성과 이익기업의 지속성이 서로 다른 특성을 보인다는 결과를 보고하고 있고(Freeman, Ohlson, and Penman, 1982; Hayn, 1995; Basu, 1997). 환대산업을 대상으로 한 Sheel(1998)의 연구는 기업의 배당정책이 산업특성에 따른 차이도 반영하고 있음을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 회계이익의 지속성에 대한 배당의 정보효과가 기업의 이익특성과 기업이 속한 산업에 따라 달리 나타나는가를 실증분석 하는 것이다. 1990년부터 2006년까지 호텔업에 속하는 기업들을 표본으로 한 실증분석결과는 이익지속성에 대한 배당정보효과가 기업의 손실발생여부와 기업규모 그리고 산업특성에 따라 크게 다른 양상을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 손실을 보고한 표본에서 배당성향이 높은 기업의 이익지속성이 평균보다 크게 나타난 것은 Joos와 Plesko(2004)의 가설과 일치하는 결과이나(Costly Dividend Signaling), 배당을 지급하지 않는 경우에 이익지속성이 양(+)으로 유의하게 나타나고 이러한 경향이 미래 2년까지에도 지속된 점과 기업규모변수가 배당성향변수와 결합하여 뚜렷한 배당정보효과를 나타낸 점은 호텔산업의 재무구조와 그에 따른 배당정책에 기인한 것으로 보인다(Sheel,1998). 또한, 이익을 보고한 표본에서 기업규모를 통제한 경우에 배당성향이 높은 기업의 이익지속성이 평균보다 낮게 나타나고 연구모형의 설명력이 t+2기에 급격히 낮아진 것은 환대산업에 속한 상장기업들중에서 수익성이 높으면서 투자기회가 적은 기업들이 배당을 지급할 가능성이 크다는 Kim과 Gu(2009)의 연구결과와 부합하는 것이다. 본 연구는 이익지속성 측면으로 바라본 배당정보모형에 기업의 이익특성과 산업특성을 고려함으로써 그 연구지평을 확대하는 데 기여하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to answer the differentiated information effect of dividends on the earnings persistence depending on both earnings characteristics (the signs of cooperates’ reported earnings) and the features of hotel industry. The data covered the period from 1990 to 2006 from 553 US hotel firm-years. Result shows that the information effect of dividends on the quality of reported earnings is affected by the signs of cooperates’ reported earnings and the industry effect. This result is valid even after controlling for firm size and the scale of dividends. This asserts that the dividend policy transports the information about the quality of reported earnings. Kim and Gu(2009) reported that firm size and profitability are significant drivers of dividend payout, whereas investment opportunities deter dividend payout. In the U.S. hospitality industry, larger hospitality firms with higher profitability but fewer investment opportunities are more likely to payout dividends to their shareholders. However, the study does not explain the mechanisms of diverse information effect of dividends on the earnings persistence. Additional studies may be needed in order to explain this problem.

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