조선후기 국제 공공성 변동과 홍대용의 문명생태주의 담론 - 21세기 ‘생태 문명관’ 모색을 중심으로 -

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to seek the clue of 'ecological civilization', the new view of civilization in the 21th century which mediates the ecological network of world civilization, in the traditional thinking space of Chosun peninsula within the context of East Asian international publicness in the traditional age. Concretely it focused on restructuring philosophical ideas of Damheon Hong Dae-Yong, who is evaluated as a representative 18C bukhak (north school) realist and ecological philosopher, in the current meaning of the new 'ecological solidarity culture', which integrates the East and the West in the 21th century. Fundamentally, the agenda begin by taking notice of dichotomous and discriminatory mechanism of 'central part' to 'peripheral part' embedded in the precedent general view of the Eastern and the Western civilization. Hong Dae-Yong's ecological philosophy is directly related to breaking discriminatory mechanism that presumes the absolute others of 'China versus Yijeok' built in the Eastern civilization category. Seen in the Eastern civilization category, the international publicness category is connected to 'Sinocentrism' of incomplete general medieval civilization theory. 'China' insisted itself as the unique one in the traditional East Asian world and manipulated a kind of logical mechanism that derogated peripheral countries which refused its central value as savage ones by blocking them thoroughly from civilization category. This hierarchical international norm is built on 'Sino-barbarian theory' of the world view based on China. Hong Dae-Yong's 'civilization ecology' closes to 'symbiotic civilization view with multi-subject & multi-centre of future value including pluralism and otherness. His decentering discourse is from the 'view of heaven' that is larger truth sublating object & self. Damheun relativizes the conflicting diagram of centre and periphery such as human being and object, earth and star, inside and outside, China and barbarian, spring and autumn annual and outer spring and autumn annual but orients 'solidary equality' with affirming both of them. This concept ultimately has the recognition of equality of existence in the view of heaven while keeping the relativism in perception. When standing fairly in the 'view of heaven' by escaping from self-centeredness, none can be the centre but there is the equality with horizontal relationship. This philosophy of equality is eventually connected to 'the equality of both China and barbarians' through equity of human being and subject, earth and star. And this view is kept to dilute massive dichotomous structure that has been made by precedent Western civilization authoritarianism such as centre and periphery, subject and object, universality and diversity, modern and tradition, and the West and the East. If the purpose of civilization ecology of Damheon was to seek the right of alien peripheral culture against privileged centric culture in the past traditional age, now it is for 'peaceful coexistence consciousness' with the perception of mutual equality, that is to say, we are one based on the dignity of life.