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온라인과 오프라인 수업에서 교사의 주목하기 비교: 수학적 사고에의 접근 방식과 상호작용을 중심으로

A Comparative Analysis of Teacher Noticing in Online and Offline Classes: Focusing on Access to and Interaction with Mathematical Thinking

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초록

COVID-19가 교육계에 가져온 급작스러운 수업 형태의 변화는 교사들로 하여금 이전에는 한 번도 경험해보지 못한 전면적인 온라인 수업 상황을 직면하도록 만들었다. 이 연구는 두 명의 초등 교사가 온라인 환경에서 시행하는 수학 수업이 오프라인 환경에서와 어떻게 달라졌는지에 관심을 갖는다. 이를 위하여 수업 전문성의 프레임으로서 교사의 주목하기 개념에 기반하여, 주목하기 프레임의 첫 번째 단계, 주의 집중하기에 대해서는 학생들의 수학적 사고에 접근하는 데에 교사가 사용하는 온라인 도구 및 접근 방식을 조사하였고, 주목하기 프레임의 세 번째 단계, 상호작용하기에 대해서는 교사가 학생들의 수학적 사고와 상호작용하기 위해 시행하는 질문의 종류 및 흐름을 탐색하였다. 그 결과, 교사들이 학생들의 수학적 사고에 접근하도록 도와주는 도구는 온라인 수업 환경에서 보다 더 다양해진 것으로 나타났고, 온라인 수업 플랫폼이 제공하는 도구는 실시간적인 접근에, 그 외의 도구는 비실시간적인 접근에 주로 사용되고 있음이 확인되었다. 오프라인 수업에 비해 온라인 수업에서는 학생의 수학적 사고와의 상호작용 횟수가 감소하고 있었고, 특히 온라인 수업에서 수학적 사고를 계발하는 상호작용의 비중이 줄어들고 있음이 확인되었다. 수학 내용 영역의 특성에 따라 온라인과 오프라인 수업에서 달라지는 상호작용의 흐름도 확인되었다. 끝으로 온라인 수업 환경에서 달라지는 수학적 사고에의 접근 방식 및 상호작용이 교사의 수업 전문성에 시사하는 바를 논의하고, 현직 교사의 전문성 개발 및 예비 교사 교육에 있어 온라인 수업 상황에서 학생들의 수학적 사고와의 상호작용을 최적화할 수 있는 실천적인 지원의 필요성이 촉구되었다.

Abstract

One of the biggest changes COVID-19 has brought to the education field is a dramatic change in the format of the class environment. Teachers faced fully online teaching situations which most had never experienced. This article investigated two elementary school teachers’ implemented online mathematical instructions compared to offline instructions. Standing on the teacher noticing framework as teaching expertise, the first element of the framework, attending was explored as what the online tools teachers utilize to access students’ mathematical thinking. The third element of the framework, interacting was investigated as what the questions teachers asked to interact with students’ mathematical thinking. The findings indicated the tools become more varied during online classes. Tools provided in the online classes were utilized for synchronous access to students’ mathematical thinking while other tools were utilized for asynchronous access. The frequency of interaction with students’ mathematical thinking decreased in online classes compared to offline classes, especially the interactions intended to develop students’ mathematical thinking were remarkably decreased. The flow of interaction was different upon the features of the mathematics content area. The implication of changed teaching expertise in online classes on professional development and pre-service teacher education was discussed. Substantial supports optimizing interaction with students’ mathematical thinking in online circumstances were urged.

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