저출산 현상에 대응한 사회보장정책의분석과 개선방향

Abstract

Low fertility is recognized as the most modern social security problem. Low fertility is world trend. If total fertilityrate is 2.0 persons and under, the State put positive fertility promotion policy in force because the State should maintain total fertilityrate of 2.1 persons that preserves population uniformly of a nation. Low fertility reduces production possibility population and raises average labor ages, constricts saving, consumption, investment and makes drop economic growth ratio and national capacity. The total fertilityrate of Korea is 1.15 persons in 2009, this is level that don't come up to half of world average fertilityrate. Therefore it is about time instant and powerful policy is necessary and this situation is recognized as national extraordinary condition against low fertility In this study I intend to invest the cause and social influence of low fertility and analyse and assess directions and contents of welfare policy program of this government and suggest improvement plans. First, low fertility problem is not recognised as social problem or social liability problem, but as mere personal problem, the change of recognition to social problem is necessary. Second, fertility ratio problem is related to marriage values and children values, for these values form through long time, effect is difficult to be expected in short-term. Thus An eyes for long-term and macroscopic program is necessary. Third, present fertility promotion policy is accomplished by local government(as Si, Gun, Gu) thus unbalance between regions is brought about, finally this program bring about not increase of fertility ratio but transfer of population. Therefore fertility promotion policy should be accomplished on the basis of national business. Fourth, in this government object of fertility promotion program is limited to low income class. Several hundreds or thousands won never lead a person to give birth a child, instead it is better to support middle class to have ability to provide for their sons. Fifth, present fertility promotion program laid stress on several sons fertility. only one or two sons are expected to be born in a family because in keen competition culture several sons are hard to be kept up favorably. Sixth, social foundation to coexist both work and home is not enough, for familism is the centre of society in this country. woman's employment and childcare is the most direct factor to increase fertility. Seventh, the policy of Korean increase through elitism immgration program and inflow of overseas brothers is not proper to countermeasure to low fertility. And the others, mistake of population prospect and each fertility program on the basis of populism those are primary factor of low fertility.