김삿갓 한시에 대한 비판적 검토

Abstract

Today, the person who is collectively referred to as Kim Sat-gat is plural. Kim Sat-gat, who wandered the nineteenth century, was not a single person. Even by the end of the 1930s, it could be said that some Kim Sat-gat was still alive. Since the late 1920s, many people expected to demonstrate the historical origins of national art and to exemplify the development of ethnic ideology in poetry of Kim Sat-gat, who had not obeyed with social systems and had ended his life in ‘misery and grievance’ on a road. Kim Sat-gat is a special term that encompasses passers-by and wandering poets while making a person named Kim Byeong-yeon as the core. In addition to the development of publishing and postal services, Kim Sat-gat was given the vitality as ‘the great poet of Joseon Dynasty’ and ‘one of the proletarian.’ Kim Byeong-yeon in <Mongyuyadam>(near 1852), the author of <yeongnip> in <Daedongsiseon>(1917), Kim Rip, who left a story in <Daedonggimun>(1926), Kim Sa-rip in <Kimsaripjeon>, which is included in Hwang O’s <Nokchajip> are likely to be an identical person. However, there was another person name Kim Nan, who was widely known as his nickname ‘Kim Sat-gat’ in 19th century. According to Sin Seok-u’s <Gikimdaeripsa>, ‘Kim Dae-rip=Kim Nan’ was ‘a regional petty official of Gwangju’, who lived as a parasitic houseguest of Soron writer An Eung-su. After being found out that he is a petty official and being excluded by An Eung-su, he “came in and out Gwajang(examination site), writing dozens of poetry or coming out with no poetry at all.” According to <Mongyuyadam>, Kim Byeong-yeon was sure to reveal his name thus it is hard to say that Kim Nan and Kim Byeong-yeon are same person. Meanwhie, from the reign of Joseon Gojong to Japanese colonial era, in Yeo Gyu-hyeong’s poem, an author of examination poetry Kim Mo-cho was mentioned, but his identity is unknown. In 1926, the literary department of the Chondogyo magazine <Gaebyeok> began to collect large volumes of poems and biographies of Kim Sat-gat. In the 71th volume of <Gaebyeok>, published on July 1, 1926, informed poems, proses and biographic manuscripts of Kim Sat-gat that literary department had been collecting are stockpiled like mountain, and keep being submitted, so extends editing deadline for one month. However, <Gaebyeok> was once closed by Japanese colonial government. When it was closed, Kim Sat-gat’s poems seemed to have been taken over by Lee Eung-su from the editor Cha Sang-chan (1886-1946) who kept it. In 1939, Lee Eung-su published his first edition of <Kimripsijip(The Selected poetry of Kim Rip)>, and in 1941 published a supplementary edition of the book. In 1956, he published refined edition <Pungjasiinkimsatgat(The Satirical poet Kim Sat-gat)> in Pyongyang national publishing company. It is common to use the supplementary edition as a reference to poetry of Kim Sat-gat. But this edition contains errors and proofreading mistakes. Furthermore, as Lee Eung-su confessed, he could not distinguish various form of Sinic poetry well, although he was an editor and an annotator. It is told that Kim Byeong-yeon, who is believed to be the real Kim Sat-gat got first place in a local preliminary exam with examinational poem. Lee Eung-su included such poem in the supplementary edition, while assuming it was not his composition. However, this 18 sequence poem is not an examinational poem, but it is a genre of Daegopung, which Jeong Yak-yong explained in <Aeongakbi>. Some of ‘Dongsi(The Eastern poem)’, those are transcribed as works of Kim Sat-gat are not only an examinational poem but also Daegopung. Dongsi is an concept that combined popular Daegopung with official examinational poem in Joseon. Kim Sat-gat is the one who made the concept has true meaning in Korean literary tradition. Kim Sat-gat’s poetry that we can see now is divided in six categories. First, Sinic poems that are following strict rules of prosody such as tonal patterns and rhyme. Second, phrases or pair of phrases cannot form a complete structure. Third, light literary works and irregular poems derived from form of Sinic poems. Fourth, archaistic poems those are popular among common folks. Fifth, licentious and humorful poems combines vernacular words with classical Sinic words. Sixth, examinational poems charged in official exam. Lee Eung-su focused on examinational poems in first edition and supplement edition at first, later he focus on poems from second, third fifth categories in Pyongyang edition. As a matter of fact, plural Kim Sat-gat, including Kim Byeong-yeon, are people who taught examinational poems for ordinary folks as a wandering poet, so it is possible to say that examinational poem was the true province in his poetry. However, there are many ‘non-reward poets’ behind Kim Sat-gat’s name, thus phrases, pair of phrases, irregular poems, humorful poems and archaistic poems which are left by them still casting a glow.