現代日本語と韓国語の動詞条件形の文法化に関する対照研究 - 視覚活動を表す動詞「みる」「보다」の場合 -
A Comparative Study on the Grammaticalization of Conditional Verb Forms in Contemporary Japanese and Korean : The Case of Verbs Indicating Visual Activity, Miru and Poda
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Abstract
Conditional verb forms in contemporary Japanese and Korean mainly refer to the predicative of the subordinate clause, when a conditional causal relationship is established between events indicated in the main and the subordinate clauses of a complex sentence. Of the local usages of conditional verb forms in both languages, however, there are sometimes cases when such forms lose their feature as verbs, experience grammaticalization and function only as a grammatical element. This paper focuses on the conditional verb forms mireba and pomyen, which stem from verbs indicating visual activity, miru and poda, to closely examine their grammaticalization pattern on three fronts. The three fronts are: a) the general characteristics of lexical or grammatical change, which accompany the grammaticalization of the main verb in its original usage; b) variations of grammaticalized forms and the similarities and differences spotted in the derivation path; and c) similarities and differences between Japanese and Korean syntactical characteristics identified in such grammaticalized forms. In short, mireba and pomyen lose their autonomy as verbs when grammaticalized, and agglutinate to nouns or verbs to function as postpositions, connective particles, particles or connectives. While some partial differences exist in terms of grammaticalized usage, mireba and pomyen in general prove to be quite similar in terms of their morphological patterns and usages. Reasons to this similar pattern include the fact that mireba and pomyen share the same lexical meaning of visual activity, and that the syntactic ability of the conditional verb forms stemming from this identical lexical meaning is creating an analogous syntactic pattern. Furthermore, even when the conditional verb form is grammaticalized, the grammatical meaning and function of the original conditional form remain unchanged.
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