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Mitochondrial genome editing: strategies, challenges, and applications

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초록

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a multicopy genome found inmitochondria, is crucial for oxidative phosphorylation. Mutationsin mtDNA can lead to severe mitochondrial dysfunction intissues and organs with high energy demand. MtDNA mutationsare closely associated with mitochondrial and age-relateddisease. To better understand the functional role of mtDNAand work toward developing therapeutics, it is essential toadvance technology that is capable of manipulating the mitochondrialgenome. This review discusses ongoing efforts inmitochondrial genome editing with mtDNA nucleases and baseeditors, including the tools, delivery strategies, and applications. Future advances in mitochondrial genome editing toaddress challenges regarding their efficiency and specificity canachieve the promise of therapeutic genome editing.

Abstract

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a multicopy genome found inmitochondria, is crucial for oxidative phosphorylation. Mutationsin mtDNA can lead to severe mitochondrial dysfunction intissues and organs with high energy demand. MtDNA mutationsare closely associated with mitochondrial and age-relateddisease. To better understand the functional role of mtDNAand work toward developing therapeutics, it is essential toadvance technology that is capable of manipulating the mitochondrialgenome. This review discusses ongoing efforts inmitochondrial genome editing with mtDNA nucleases and baseeditors, including the tools, delivery strategies, and applications. Future advances in mitochondrial genome editing toaddress challenges regarding their efficiency and specificity canachieve the promise of therapeutic genome editing.

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