중국 원양어업의 성립과 발전 양상에 관한 고찰 - 원양어업 준비기와 초창기 양상을 중심으로

Abstract

As a major country in the pelagic fishery, China ranks first in the world in terms of production and consumption of the pelagic fisheries. In addition, it ranks first in the world in terms of the total size of fishing boats and also ranks first in the world in terms of the total size of fishing boats, and the working area is also extensive. The history of China's pelagic fisheries began relatively late in 1985. However, at that time, the environment of pelagic fisheries was shrinking worldwide. Nevertheless, China made all-out efforts to establish the pelagic fishery, and finally raised its flag for the first departure to West Africa. China's active exploration and promotion of pelagic fishing has been strongly influenced by the inevitable domestic environment and internal and external environmental changes. In the 1980s, the urgency to overcome difficulties such as marine environmental pollution and devastation of fishery resources caused by rapid industrial development and over-fishing. These aspects eventually led to the problem of insufficient supply of marine products to the people. These domestic circumstances were the inevitable background for China to start pelagic fishery. At the same time, in the late 1970s, the reform and opening-up policy of China and the boom in pelagic fisheries around the world became external factors that gradually made China consider starting pelagic fisheries. In addition, China's strategy to expand its maritime diplomacy and its own power through fisheries cooperation is a factor that made China actively start pelagic fisheries. On the other hand, the central government's efforts and appropriate measures, as well as the coordinated cooperative system of related ministries and companies, have successfully established China's pelagic fisheries. The establishment of China's pelagic fishery has great significance from the perspective of the history of pelagic fishery and the perspective of resolving other national issues. It is meaningful that China has solved the ‘fish eating problem’ that has been seriously raised in China through the establishment of pelagic fisheries, and has led to the current consumption habits of China. In addition, the development of equipment and technology during the development of pelagic fisheries played a role in greatly raising the level of fishing technology. In current China, the pelagic fishery is a key strategic industry leading to the opening of the fishery to the outside world, the protection of national rights and interests, the satisfaction of domestic demand for aquatic products, the bridge of diplomacy, and the rationalization of the fishery structure. The preparation period before and after 1985 and the early aspects of China's pelagic fishery have important meaning in pelagic fishery history in China.