근대일본 국어과 성립기의 독본연구 ― 문부성 검정교과서 『심상소학독본』(1887)의 서술방식과 교육내용 ―

Abstract

The certified textbook Jinzyosyougakudokuhon published in 1887 by the Japan Ministry of Education not only became the standard for other certified textbooks in terms of structure, content, form, education, and ideology, but also had a great influence on the Japanese Korean language reading books published in the later period. The educational purpose of the textbook is to cultivate human resources for the Fukoku kyohei (Prosperity of the nation and strong military) which contains traditional Confucian virtues, rational science education, and practical education contents to present an ideal national image necessary for the modern nation. The educational contents of the book are structured based on the changes in the education policy such as “Kyogakuseishi (Imperior Order of Learning)” of 1879, “School Order” of 1886, and “Primary School Order” to satisfy the educational needs of that time. In terms of format, various methods such as essays, narratives, explanations, poems, editorials, and questions and answers, were used considering the educational purpose, content, educational effectiveness, and children's interests. In terms of writing style, it was composed of colloquial and conversational styles to give children a sense of familiarity and linguistic unity. In terms of composition, illustrations were appropriately used considering the children's level of understanding to make sequential and systematic learning possible. In terms of educational objective, materials, contents and structure, the Jinzyosyougakudokuhon accomplished scientific improvement in education by applying the idea of ‘inductive method of teaching’ that was interested and practiced by the Ministry of Education which allowed children to foster imagination, logical thinking, and observation skill. A comprehensive review of the Jinzyosyougakudokuhon revealed that reading book had an important role in the Japanese nation’s policy to spread nationalism by providing the textbook that was determined by the elite to train the talent for the Fukoku kyohei and through scientifically and logically organizing the book in terms of its contents, structure and the format. Moreover, the success of the textbook was possible since it described comprehensive subjects in various formats.