WTO SPS협정상 ‘지역개념 인정절차’와 ‘수입승인절차’와의 관계
The Relationship between the ‘Regionalization Procedure’ and the ‘Import Approval Procedure’ under the WTO SPS Agreement
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세계무역기구(WTO) 항소기구는 Russia-Pigs 사건과 관련하여 수입국이 SPS협정 제6.2조에 따라 수출국 내 병해충 안전지역에 대한 개념을 인정하는 방식을 ‘실질적으로 운영’하여야 한다고 하였다. 제6.2조에 따른 ‘지역개념 인정절차’ 운영의 실질성을 강조한 것이다. SPS협정 제8조와 해당 조항에 따른 부속서 3은 ‘수입승인절차’를 규정하고 있는데, SPS협정 제6.2조에 따라 수출국 내 병해충 안전지역에 대한 개념을 인정하는 방식이 ‘실질적으로 운영’되었는지 검토하는 과정에서 제8조에 규정된 ‘절차’에 따라 그 방식이 운영되어야 하는지 명확하지 않다. 형식상 별개의 절차로 보이는 ‘지역개념 인정절차’와 ‘수입승인절차’는 수입승인에 관한 선후관계와 필수불가분의 관계를 형성하며, 그 성격상 연계되어 운영되는 절차이다. 그러나 현재 다수 국가들은 제6.2조에 따른 ‘지역개념 인정절차’와 제8조에 따른 ‘수입승인절차’를 서로 구별되는 국내 규정에 따라 운영되는 별개의 절차로 간주하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 SPS협정 제6.2조에 따른 ‘지역개념 인정절차’와 SPS협정 제8조에 따른 ‘수입승인절차’와의 관계를 검토하였다. 구체적으로 SPS협정 제6.2조에 따라 ‘지역개념 인정절차’ 이행과정에서의 SPS협정 제8조 ‘수입승인절차’상의 의무를 적용하는 경우, 수입국이 이행하여야 하는 의무가 무엇인지에 대해 검토하였다. 이를 통해 실무적 관점에서 수출·입국의 지역화 대응전략을 도출하였다. 아울러, 부적절한 지연을 초래하는 수입국의 불필요한 정보요구와 관련하여, WTO 분쟁해결기구의 입장이 변화하였다는 점도 확인하였다.
Abstract
The World Trade Organization (WTO) Appellate Body in the Russia-Pigs dispute examined the implementation aspects of Article 6.2 of the WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (hereinafter, SPS Agreement). In particular, it emphasized that an importing member is required to ‘render operational’ the concepts of pest or disease free areas of the Article 6.2. Article 6.2 stipulates regionalization, which makes WTO members recognize the concepts of pest or disease free areas. The WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) reversed its previous rulings associated with the issues relevant to Article 6.2, and, for the first time, highlighted the implementation aspects of the ‘regionalization procedure’. The Article 8 and Annex C of the SPS Agreement stipulates the 'import approval procedure' that the fulfillment of the SPS measures shall be checked and ensured by any ‘procedures’ under them. Then, a question could be raised on the relationship between Article 8 and Annex C, and Article 6 of the SPS Agreement that such procedures under Article 8 and Annex C shall be applied to the 'regionalization procedure' under Article 6.2, in order to ‘render operational’ the concepts of pest or disease free areas of the Article 6.2. The 'import approval procedure' under the Article 8 and Annex C, and the 'regionalization procedure' under Article 6.2 are seemed as separate and independent ones, but they share indispensable relationship, and the former precedes the latter. Intrinsically, the 'import approval procedure' and the 'regionalization procedure' are related and operated with each other. However, most of the WTO members have considered those procedures as separate and independant ones, operated on the basis of different domestic laws and regulations.This paper, thus, discusses on the relationship between the 'import approval procedure' and the 'regionalization procedure'. It also suggests a number of regionalization strategies for both exporting and importing members based on the WTO panel reports on US-Animals and Russia-Pigs.
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