고구려 통구사신총 연구

Abstract

Tonggusasinchong is one of the later period mural tomb that used polished megaliths to construct tomb path, main chamber and ceiling. Tonggusasinchong mural’s main theme is the Four Deities which is directly painted on the surface of the stone without lime layer. The Four Deities have been painted with very sophisticated technique that differs from that of 5th century while the background is adorned with rapid torrent of clouds that were in trend in China during the Northern and Southern Dynasties period. From various facts confirmed through analyses of the tomb structure, mural composition and contents, and from comparison and examination with the neighboring tombs, Ohoebun Tomb No. 5 and No. 4, it is reasonable to say that Tonggusasinchong was built and painted during the first half of 6thcentury. Tonggusasinchong is an important site that shows that from 6thcentury on, Jian and Pyeongyang are aparted in their sociocultural approaches including painting style and how Jian approach differed from that of Pyeongyang in its characteristics and contents. The western and northwestern cultural elements introduced to the region by Gungnae people who were among delegates that were sent to Chinese Northern and Southern Dynasties and nomadic empire Yen-yen were adopted, analyzed, and recreated under the old tradition of Gungnae. The trend to create an independent art style became stronger in 6th century Gungnae region and Tonggusasinchong is the process and the result of such cultural trend. What catches eye in Tonggusasinchong mural are the Fuxi type sun god and the Nuwe type moon goddess and various deities of civilizations that hints the possibility that they formed the basis of Koguryo myth system through art objects from China as media. The gods of the mural show that the creation of Koguryo myth occurred not in Pyeongyang but Gungnae region. It may be because although the capital had moved to Pyeongyang long time ago, Gungnae people still shared the idea of Gungnae as the center of Koguryo. From such point of view, Tonggusasinchong can work as one of the historical and cultural index when examining why there came to be more differences than similarities between the cultures of north and south Koguryo after 6th century.