중기 하타요가 문헌 연구
A Study on the Haṭhayoga Literatures - based on 13th-16th c. Literatures
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초록
9-12세기의 여명기와 15세기의 전성기를 지나 17세기에 이르기까지 작성된 하타요가 문헌의 수는 적지 않았을 것으로 추정되지만 1890년대부터 현재까지 출판된 원전은 30개 내외에 불과할 뿐이다. 근래, 로나블라(Lonavla)의 까이왈야담마(Kaivalyadhama)에서 출판된 필사본 카탈록(Descriptive Catalogue of Yoga Manuscripts)을 통해서 하타요가 문헌의 전체 규모를 짐작할 수 있게 되었는데, 소장 목록을 공개하지 않은 아쉬람의 사본들과 목록에서 누락된 사본들 그리고 소재를 파악할 수 없는 개인소장본까지 포함하면 100 종류의 문헌이 공개되지 않은 채 사본실 수장고에 잠들어 있다고 할 수 있다. 하타요가 사본에 대한 연구와 문헌 발굴, 텍스트 비평 등 포함한 문헌학적 연구가 시급한 과제라 할 수 있다. 이와 더불어 지적할 수 있는 것은 하타요가에 대한 연구 자체가 빈약했다는 것이다. 지난 100여 년 동안 학술적 가치를 지닌 연구서는 10편 전후이며 고락샤나타의 초기 문헌, 대중적인 문헌을 제외하고는 개괄적인 소개조차 이루어지지 않았다. 본고에서는 먼저 13세기 16세기에 성립된 하타요가 문헌을 검토하며 문헌의 특징과 주요 내용을 다루고자 한다.
Abstract
From the dawn of 9 – 12 centuries through the apogee of 15th century to 17th century, the amount of the Haṭhayoga literature is supposed to have been enormous. Since 1890, however, there have been publications of about 30 works until now, the entire scale of the literature still incomprehensible. Recently, the publication of the Descriptive Catalogue of Yoga Manuscripts at Kaivalyadhama of Lonavla has enabled us to surmise the approximate scale of the literature. Including manuscripts in various Āśrams, whose catalogues still not open to the public, other manuscripts missing even in catalogues, and private collections still to be located, however, above 100 texts remain dormant in closed areas. Therefore, research on the Haṭhayoga literature, including excavations of texts and textual criticism of them, is urgently needed. Besides, the study on the Haṭhayoga literature has been limited severely until now. For the 100 years until now, there have been publications of about 10 research works of academic worth, while there has not been even rough introduction of the literature, excluding the early and popular texts of Gorkṣanātha. This article, first of all, purports to deal with the characteristics and main contents of the Haṭhayoga literature, investigating their construction from 13th century to 16th century.
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