Bavinck and Barth on Schleiermacher’s Doctrine of Revelation
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헤르만 바빙크와 칼 바르트 모두 슐라이어마허의 계시론이 가진 주관주의적 경향이 가진 위험성을 인지하고 있었다. 바르트는 슐라이어마허가 계시의 근거를 주관적 인식과 신앙의 경험에 둠으로써 계시의 객관적 특성을 무시하고 있다고 비판하였다. 이러한 주관주의의 위험성을 피하기 위해서 바르트는 계시의 근거를 하나님의 말씀의 삼중적 형태에 두었다. 그에게 하나님의 말씀은 하나님이 주도권을 지닌 활동주의적이며 역동적인 방식으로 이뤄지는 드러냄의 사건이었다. 그러나 바르트 계시론이 가지는 바로 그런 특성에서 신자 주관의 역할이 너무 약화되어 버린다. 한편, 바빙크는 계시론이 가지는 객관과 주관의 문제를 철저하게 인식하면서도, 바르트와는 다르게 슐라이어마허의 계시론을 자신의 고유한 방식에 따라 전유하면서 그를 극복하고자 한다. 바빙크는 하나님의 말씀인 성경을 신학 작업의 객관적 기준으로 삼았으며, 교회를 기독교적 인식과 경험에 있어 중요한 형식으로서 인정하고 있다. 이처럼 바빙크는 슐라이어마허의 계시론이 가지는 장점을 취하되 단점을 자신의 교회론으로 극복함으로써 그것이 가진 주관주의의 위험성 역시 탈피하고자 한다. 비록 바빙크와 바르트 모두 슐라이어마허의 계시론이 가지는 단점을 극복하고자 했지만, 바빙크의 교회론적 계시론이 바르트의 활동주의적 계시 이해보다는 좀 더 효과적으로 그것을 극복하고 있다.
Abstract
Both Herman Bavinck and Karl Barth sensed the open question caused by the subjectivistic tendency of Schleiermacher’s doctrine of revelation. Barth argues that Schleiermacher ignores the objective feature of revelation by orienting the basis of revelation to the subjective consciousness and experience of the faith. To evade this subjectivism, he tries to put the foundation of revelation on the three forms of the Word of God, which are unveiled in an actualistic and dynamic way. By contrast, Bavinck, deeply concerned with the problem of objectivism and subjectivism in the doctrine of revelation, employs Schleiermacher’s doctrine of revelation in his own way, and regards the Bible as the objective standard for their theological work. Bavinck also stresses the importance of the church, which forms the Christian consciousness and experience. Although both Bavinck and Barth attempt to overcome the weakness of Schleiermacher’s doctrine of revelation, Bavinck’s ecclesiological doctrine of revelation overcomes it more effectively than Barth’s actualistic understanding of revelation.
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