삶의 지속여부 결정에 관여하는 판단요인
Judgment Factors Involved in Deciding Whether to Continue Living
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초록
본 연구는 자살을 삶의 지속여부에 대한 결정의 결과로 보고 의사결정에 관여하는 주된 판단 요인들을 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 안락사 시나리오를 통해 삶과 죽음의 선택 문제를 제시하고 과거 삶 만족도, 현재 고통 심각도, 미래개선 가능성이라는 세 가지 의사결정 변인들이 어떤 관련을 보이는지, 죽음을 선택할 의사에 각각 어떤 영향을 미치는지 확인하였다. 일반 성인남녀 515명을 대상으로 4가지 유형의안락사 시나리오, 우울 증상, 자살 행동, 낙관성 및 비관성, 정적정서 및 부적정서에 관한 자료를 수집하였다. 모든 시나리오 유형에서 미래개선 가능성 예측은 죽음을 선택할 의사와 가장 강한 상관을 보였으며, 위계적 회귀모형 분석에서도 죽음을 선택할 의사에 관한 설명력이가장 큰 변인으로 나타났다. 네 가지 시나리오 집단별로 위계적 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 현재 고통 심각도는 미래개선 가능성 다음으로 죽음을 선택할 의사에 관한 설명력이 높았다. 모든 유형의 시나리오에서 과거 삶 만족도는 죽음을 선택할 의사에 관한 설명력이 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구 결과는 경험의 지속여부에 대한 의사결정과 마찬가지로 삶의 지속여부에 대한 의사결정에서도 미래에 대한 예측이 가지는중요성을 확인해 준다. 동시에 자살 의사결정의 경우 생애 경험의 종점인 현재에 대한 평가가 과거 삶 전반에 대한 평가보다 더 중요한 판단요인임을 시사한다.
Abstract
This study attempted to identify the main judgment factors involved in decision-making by seeing suicide as a result of deciding whether or not to continue life. For this purpose, this study presents the life and death choice situation through the euthanasia scenario and identifies the relationships among three decision-making variables: past life satisfaction, current pain severity, and prediction of future improvement. In addition, the effects of the three variables on euthanasia choice were examined. Data were collected from 515 adults, who rated Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Scale-Depression (CES-D), Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and one of four types of euthanasia scenarios. In all scenario types, the prediction of future improvement was strongly correlated with euthanasia choice, and the result of hierarchical regression analysis revealed that future prediction was the most important variable explaining euthanasia choice. The current pain severity was the second most important variable explaining the choice of euthanasia. In all scenarios, past life satisfaction was not a significant predictor of euthanasia choices. The results confirm the importance of predicting the future in deciding whether to continue living, as in the deciding whether to continue the experience. In addition, evaluation of the present is a more important factor than evaluation of past life as a whole in suicide decisions.
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