홍준어장고분군의 사회적 지위 및 성격-고분의 유형과 분포상황을 중심으로-

Abstract

“Hongjuneujang(虹鱒魚場)”is a graveyard site with 323 tombs concentrated in Ningan-si(寧安市), Heirongjiangsheng(黑龍江省), having an important meaning of understanding the sociocultural image of Balhae coming up to the capital. The important graveyard site discovered in every capital whose character has been ended in royal tombs or noble tombs in Balhae by analyzing the tombs type and construction method and scale and heritage, while “The Hongjuneujang(虹鱒魚場)”has no clear character. Accordingly, this paper, in order to study social position and character of “The Hongjuneujang Graveyard Site(虹鱒魚場古墳群)”, focused on the tombs type and distribution, and reviewed it by 3 sides of the tombs type by distribution, change of burial subject and change of grave direction(墓向). This can be resumed as follows. First, graveyard site distributed in I and Ⅱ zone of “The Hongjuneujang Graveyard Site(虹鱒魚場古墳群)”are stone pit tomb(石壙墓) and stone-sarcophagus tomb(石棺墓),stone-chambered tomb(石室墓), brick tomb(磚室墓). Stone-chambered tomb(石室墓) is classified as rectangular chamber(長方形), knife-shaped(刀形), and shovel-shaped(鍤形). Ⅰ zone has stone pit tomgs(石壙墓), stone-sarcophagus tomb(石棺墓) and rectangular stone-chambered tomb(長方形石室墓), while Ⅱ zone every type of stone-chambered tomb(石室墓). As a result of reviewing its distribution and building method, “The Hongjuneujang Graveyard Site(虹鱒魚場古墳群)”has been built by stone pit tomb(石壙墓) and stone-sarcophagus tomb(石棺墓)→rectangular stone-chambered tomb(長方形石室墓)→knife-shaped stone-chamgered tomb(刀形石室墓)→shovel-shaped stone chambered tomb(鍤形石室墓). Second, it is the location change of tumulus burial subject. The burial subject of tumulus distributed in “The Hongjuneujang Graveyard Site(虹鱒魚場古墳群)”can be highly classified by above ground tomb(地上), semi-pit tomb(半竪穴), pit tomb(竪穴). Above ground tomb(地上) was built by mainly 195 stone-chambered tomb(石室墓),semi-pit stone chamber tomb(半竪穴石室墓) and brick tomb(磚室墓), while pit tomb(竪穴) by stone pit tomb(石壙墓) and stone-sarcophagus tomb(石棺墓) and stonechambered tomb(石室墓). stone pit tomb(石壙墓) and stone-sarcophagus tomb(石棺墓)previously built than stone-chambered tomb(石室墓) under the earth of 50/55,rectangular stone-chambered tomb(長方形石室墓) earlier built of 76/102, and shovelshaped stone chambered tomb(鍤形石室墓) lately built of 45/89, 43/89 respectively under the earth and middle of earth. Therefore,“ The Hongjuneujang Graveyard Site(虹鱒魚場古墳群)”, being changed from stone pit tomb(石壙墓) and stone-sarcophagus tomb(石棺墓) with its burial subject under the earth to stone-chambered tomb(石室墓),put its burial subject on the earth and under the earth to build. Moreover, its time can be understood as its previous time in that stone-chambered tomb(石室墓) distributed in “The Bukdae Graveyard Site, Hwaryong(和龍北大古墳群) has been completely changed into pit tomb(竪穴). Third, it is the change of grave direction(墓向). Ⅰ zone has 19/39 of 160∼180°toward south. Unlike this, Ⅱ zone has 묘향 a little more varied, mainly 90∼180°toward southeast, and by subdividing it tumulus of 29/323 toward 90∼135°of east -east - south,48/323 toward 135∼160°of east south south, and 137/323 toward 161∼180°of south south east. Moreover, tumulus toward 181∼213°of south south west is 71/323. Its burial subjects are 195/323 on the earth, 48/323 in the middle, and 78/323 under the earth, most of burial subject in rectangular stone-chambered tomb(長方形石室墓), the previous rilus on the earth, 45/90 lately built on the earth, 43/90 was semi subterrean. Finally the building period of “The Hongjuneujang Graveyard Site(虹鱒魚場古墳群)”was developed from I zone to II zone with its initial type maintained, and its preferring tomb’s types(中心墓制) is stone-chambered tomb(石室墓) with its burial subject on the earth, which was changed from rectangular stone-chambered tomb(長方形石室墓) over knife-shaped stone-chamgered tomb(刀形石室墓) to shovel-shaped stone chambered tomb(鍤形石室墓). Every type of stone-chambered tomb(石室墓) is concentrated in II zone of“ The Hongjuneujang Graveyard Site(虹鱒魚場古墳群)”, and with every type of stone-chambered tombs(石室墓) increased, what was built can be understood by rapid introduction of building tomb’s main group(古墳造營集團). Specially, the change of type from rectangular stone-chambered tomb(長方形石室墓) over knife-shaped stone-chamgered tomb(刀形石室墓) to shovel-shaped stone chambered tomb(鍤形石室墓)presents the higher rank of building tomb’s main group(古墳造營集團), and at least the change from no decorated tumulus to decorated tumulus being recognized as luxury of burial subject, having another discussion on considering it as public tumulus.