Assessing Export Controls of Strategic Items to North Korea
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This paper aims to show trading patterns of certain items highly likely to be used to develop nuclear and missile programs in North Korea. It analyzed North Korea’s trade of nuclear―and missile―related items for ten years from 2006 to 2015 to identify items in large volume as well as in increased demand and key suppliers that contribute to sanctions―busting. This paper found that UN sanctions against North Korea were not effective in controlling the flow of strategic items to North Korea. Rather, a small number of states are responsible for a large share of trade with North Korea that has continued to seek alternative suppliers. It also found that China is a single supplier for multiple items and plays a major role along with several others that either specialize in exports of specific items or gradually expand the scope of supplies. Because the presence of a third country that provides North Korea’s resilience and diversion of sanctions is crucial, this paper recommends policy suggestions to enhance effectiveness of the existing sanctions regime.
Abstract
This paper aims to show trading patterns of certain items highly likely to be used to develop nuclear and missile programs in North Korea. It analyzed North Korea’s trade of nuclear―and missile―related items for ten years from 2006 to 2015 to identify items in large volume as well as in increased demand and key suppliers that contribute to sanctions―busting. This paper found that UN sanctions against North Korea were not effective in controlling the flow of strategic items to North Korea. Rather, a small number of states are responsible for a large share of trade with North Korea that has continued to seek alternative suppliers. It also found that China is a single supplier for multiple items and plays a major role along with several others that either specialize in exports of specific items or gradually expand the scope of supplies. Because the presence of a third country that provides North Korea’s resilience and diversion of sanctions is crucial, this paper recommends policy suggestions to enhance effectiveness of the existing sanctions regime.
참고문헌 (24)
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