독일문학과 러시아문학 속 2차 세계대전에서 나타나는 이데올로기 대립 – 인종 이데올로기와 독트린 주입을 중심으로 -

Abstract

In the interpretation of the role of the communist or National Socialist worldview, which are considered in this work, two "camps" emerge: authors who regard ideology as an external corpus outside of the fighting troops (portray the army as "free of ideology"), and those that assume a great influence of ideological factors on all areas of the war. In the novels examined, the protagonists blame "the others" for the abuse of soldiers, the so-called ideology mediators - "commissioners" or "Nazis". They are responsible for the losses and for the entire regime. In general, the National Socialist crimes go unmentioned in both the literary works of German and Russian authors. The historical fact that National Socialist Germany waged a war of conquest and annihilation against the Soviet Union motivated by power politics and race ideology does not find any literary resonance. The reasons for this are different: After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian writers are concerned with settling accounts with their own regime and the crimes of their own leadership, as whose victims one portrays oneself; the German authors are concerned with family members. Although the East, Russia, was the main scene of the war, it remains a secondary scene of the crimes in the portrayal of German women writers. As a result, the war against the Soviet Union loses its special character. It is noticeable that even Russian authors do not mention the National Socialist racial ideology. This could be because there was no discussion of the ideological components of National Socialism in the Soviet Union and in post-Soviet Russia. The lack of preoccupation with the National Socialist ideology among the writers has its origins in the Soviet declaration of National Socialism as a "radical expression of capitalism", whereby the racial madness and anti-Bolshevism of the Nazis was ascribed to the "capitalists", which meant that the "common man" had all responsibility withdrawn. In none of the protagonists you can find the feeling of hatred towards the Germans, which is partly only possible by ignoring the Nazi ideology. A military solidarity community is being constructed under the motto "We were all victims of the war". This enables rapprochement with the former enemy and reconciliation; however, a real "work-up" cannot take place in this shortened way.