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해외 자회사와 현지 기업의 혁신 효율성: 전유성과 외부 R&D 협력의 조절효과

Innovation Efficiency of MNE Foreign Subsidiaries and Domestic Firms: The Moderating Effects of Appropriability and R&D Cooperation

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주제분류경영학

초록

글로벌 차원의 무한 경쟁 상황 하에 혁신을 통해 지속가능한 경쟁 우위를 확보하는 것은기업의 생존을 위한 필수적인 요소로 자리잡아가고 있다. 본 연구에서는 해외 자회사와 현지기업의 성과 차이에 영향을 미치는 주요한 요소로 여겨져 온 혁신에 주목하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 해외 자회사가 현지 기업과 비교하여 동일한 투입물 대비 더 효율적인 혁신을 달성해내는지 ‘혁신 효율성’의 개념을 사용하여 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 효율성 분석에 널리사용되고 있는 효율성 추정 방법인 자료 포락 분석(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA)을사용하였다. 해외 자회사의 혁신 역량과 관련하여 기존의 연구들은 상반된 입장을 보이고 있기에 본 연구에서는 보다 정교한 매칭 방법 중 하나인 CEM(Coarsened Exact Matching) 방식을 사용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 또한 해외 자회사와 현지 기업의 혁신 효율성 차이에영향을 미치는 조절변수로 전유성과 외부 R&D 협력을 살펴보았다. 2020년도 한국기업혁신조사의 데이터를 분석한 결과, 해외 자회사가 현지 기업에 비하여 더 높은 혁신 효율성을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 해외 자회사와 현지 기업 간 혁신 효율성의 차이는 전유성이높은 산업에서 증가하고 외부 R&D 협력이 활발한 경우 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한결과를 통해 해외 자회사와 현지 기업의 혁신 활동에 대한 이론적 및 실무적 시사점을 얻을수 있다.

Abstract

Continuous innovation competency is essential for sustained competitive advantage to effectively cope with fierce competition in the business environment. Researchers have focused on innovation competency as one of significant factors that affect performance gap between MNE foreign subsidiaries and domestic firms. This study examines the differences in the innovation efficiency of domestic firms and subsidiaries of foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs). In order to calculate innovation efficiency of the firm, this study uses the frontier methodology, which measures the relative efficiency of firms in transforming resources to innovative achievements. This study uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach, which is one of the prevalently used frontier approaches. There are conflicting arguments as to the relationship between subsidiaries of foreign multinational enterprises and innovation. This study applies the coarsened exact matching (CEM) method, which is one of the matching methods, to elaborate on whether MNE foreign subsidiaries achieve better innovation efficiency than domestic firms. This study also examines moderating effects of appropriability and R&D cooperation on the gap of innovation efficiency of MNE foreign subsidiaries and domestic firms. Drawing from the Korean Innovation Survey (KIS) conducted in 2020 by the Science and Technology Policy Institute (STEPI), the results suggests that foreign subsidiaries showes higher innovation efficiency than domestic firms, and this difference is found to increase in industries with high appropriability and to decrease when external R&D cooperation is vigorous

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