불안 감소를 위한 국내 음악치료 연구 메타분석
A Meta-Analysis of Domestic Music Therapy Research Studies Related to Anxiety Reduction
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초록
음악중재의 불안감소 효과에 관한 객관적이고 종합적인 증거는 음악치료 임상연구의 발전과 최적의 임상 운용을 위해 필수적이다. 본 연구의 목적은 메타분석 방법을 활용하여 음악치료사에 의해 시행된 음악중재의 불안감소 효과를 평가하고 표본크기, 대상자 특성, 불안 유형, 음악중재 특성과 같은 변수에 따른 차이를 비교하는 것이다. 학술연구정보서비스(RISS) 등의 온라인 검색엔진을 사용하여 자료의 선정기준에 부합하는 총 33편의 연구를 최종적으로 추출하였다. 개별연구의 자료를 코딩한 후, R 프로그램을 사용하여 전체 효과크기 분석, 이상치 검토, 이질성 검정, 조절효과분석, 출판편향분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 음악은 불안 감소에 있어서 통계적으로 유의미한 중재로 파악되었으며, 전체 효과크기는 중간 수준으로 나타났다. 그 외, 사용한 음악중재 유형과 세션 회기 수와 같은 조절변수에 따른 효과크기의 차이가 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 불안 완화를 위한 음악치료 임상에 필요한 실질적인 정보를 제공하고 관련 증거에 기반한 음악치료 연구의 발전을 위한 학술적 논의를 촉진한다는 함의를 가진다.
Abstract
Objective and comprehensive evidence regarding the effects of music for anxiety reduction is necessary to promote research advancement and best clinical practices in music therapy. The aim of this study is to meta-analyze the effect of music interventions conducted by music therapists on anxiety and to compare the differences in effect size when accounting for variables such as sample size, participant characteristics, anxiety type, and interventions characteristics. A total of 33 experimental studies, which met inclusion criteria, were extracted from online databases, such as Research Information Sharing Service(RISS). Followed by data-coding, an outlier review, heterogeneity analysis, estimating the overall and subgroup effect sizes, and publication bias review were performed, using the R statistical program. The results showed that music intervention has statistical significance in reducing anxiety, presenting an overall effect size of -0.77 at a moderate level. Furthermore, there were influences from moderating variables, such as the music intervention used and the number of intervention sessions on the effect sizes. The results of the study provide practical information for music therapy practice aimed at anxiety reduction and aim to foster scholarly discussions for enhancing related evidence-based research.
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